UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED JANUARY 28, 2023

OR

FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM ________ TO ________

COMMISSION FILE NUMBER 001-40204

JOANN Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Registrant's telephone number, including area code: (330) 656-2600

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☒

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

The aggregate market value of the common stock of the registrant held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of July 29, 2022 was $111.9 million, based upon the closing sales price of the registrant’s common stock on that date.

The registrant had 41,127,476 shares of common stock, $0.01 par value, outstanding as of March 31, 2023.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

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BASIS OF PRESENTATION

As used herein, the term “JOANN”, the “Company” and “we,” “us” or “our” wherever used herein refer to JOANN Inc., Needle Holdings LLC and Jo-Ann Stores, LLC and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, unless the context indicates to the contrary. We report on the basis of a 52- or 53-week fiscal year, which ends on the Saturday closest to the last day of January. Accordingly, references herein to “fiscal 2021” relate to the 52 weeks ended January 30, 2021, references herein to “fiscal 2022” relate to the 52 weeks ended January 29, 2022 and references herein to “fiscal 2023” relate to the 52 weeks ended January 28, 2023. In this Annual Report on Form 10-K, unless otherwise noted or the context otherwise requires, when we compare a metric between one period and a “prior period”, we are comparing it to the analogous period from the prior fiscal year.

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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. We intend such forward-looking statements to be covered by the safe harbor provisions for forward-looking statements contained in Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). You can generally identify forward-looking statements by our use of forward-looking terminology such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “might,” “plan,” “potential,” “predict,” “seek,” “vision,” “should,” or the negative thereof or other variations thereon or comparable terminology. Forward-looking statements include those we make regarding the following matters:

The preceding list is not intended to be an exhaustive list of all of our forward-looking statements. We have based these forward-looking statements on our current expectations, assumptions, estimates and projections. While we believe these expectations, assumptions, estimates and projections are reasonable, such forward-looking statements are only predictions and involve known and unknown risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond our control. These and other important factors, including those discussed in this Annual Report on Form 10-K under the headings “Risk Factors,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and “Business,” may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to differ materially from any

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future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. Given these risks and uncertainties, you are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K are not guarantees of future performance and our actual results of operations, financial condition and liquidity, and the development of the industry in which we operate, may differ materially from the forward-looking statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. In addition, even if our results of operations, financial condition and liquidity, and events in the industry in which we operate, are consistent with the forward-looking statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, they may not be predictive of results or developments in future periods.

Any forward-looking statement that we make in this Annual Report on Form 10-K speaks only as of the date of such statement. Except as required by law, we do not undertake any obligation to update or revise, or to publicly announce any update or revision to, any of the forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, after the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

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SUMMARY RISK FACTORS

We are subject to a number of risks, including risks that may prevent us from achieving our business objectives or that may adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Following are principal risks, which you should consider before investing in our common stock:

Our business also faces a number of other challenges and risks discussed throughout this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

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PART I

Item 1. Business

JOANN is the nation’s category leader in fabric and sewing (collectively, “Sewing”) with one of the largest assortments of arts and crafts products. As a well-established and trusted brand for nearly 80 years, we believe we have a deep understanding of our customers, what inspires their creativity and what fuels their incredibly diverse projects. In order to best serve our customers, JOANN has transformed itself into a fully-integrated, digitally-connected omni-channel retailer that provides Creative Products to our customers whenever and however they want.

As the nation’s category leader in Sewing with approximately one-third market share, based on our internal research estimates of market share of the Creative Products industry that primarily consist of a survey of Creative Product consumers as of July 30, 2022, we believe we offer the broadest selection of products while being committed to providing the most inspiration, helpful service and education to our customers. While we are the clear market share leader in a growing Sewing industry, which represented 46% of our total net sales in fiscal 2023, we also have significant share opportunity in the growing arts and crafts industry as we allocate additional space to these categories in our store refresh, remodel and relocation projects. We are well-positioned in the marketplace and have multiple competitive advantages, including our broad assortment, established omni-channel platform, multi-faceted digital interface with customers and skilled and knowledgeable team members. We offer an extensive assortment, which at its seasonal peak, averages more than 80,000 stock keeping units (“SKUs”) in store locations and over 200,000 SKUs online, across Creative Product categories. Approximately 50% of our in-store net sales cannot be directly comparison-shopped because of our strong and growing own-brand portfolio, including our copyrighted or proprietary fabric patterns and designs and factory direct relationships. We have expanded access to this broad assortment through e-commerce and digital capabilities that complement our physical network, drive customer engagement and deliver an exceptional customer experience while supporting consistently strong gross margins. Through our omni-channel platform, we serve our customers in a differentiated manner by offering several convenient fulfillment options, including buy online pick-up in store (“BOPIS”), curbside pick-up and ship-to-home offerings. Our omni-channel platform operates at a large scale, having generated approximately $271 million, $299 million and $511 million in net sales in fiscal 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Our data-driven digital capabilities further reinforce our relationship with our customers. Customers can interact with our brand whenever and however they want. Customers connect with us through our mobile-first website, joann.com, both domestically and internationally, as well as our widely-used mobile application with more than 15 million downloads. As of the end of fiscal 2023, we had approximately 81 million addressable customers in our vast database and approximately 20 million customers in our email database. These points of differentiation are reinforced by our knowledgeable, friendly and trusted team members, a significant number of whom are sewing and craft enthusiasts, who offer a service-oriented experience for our customers that we believe cannot be replicated by our competitors, mass retailers or pure online players.

We appeal to an expansive customer base ranging across all ages, demographics and skill levels. We serve the do-it-yourself customer, including those who make to give or donate their creations, and supply small business owners with components to create and sell their own merchandise. We estimate this group makes up approximately one-quarter of our customers and typically resells on online marketplaces such as Etsy, eBay, Shopify and other platforms. Our customers are passionate and creative, using their hearts, hands and minds in their sewing, crafting and decorating activities. We believe our customers’ enthusiasm drives the JOANN culture. We strive to support our community of creators, and they create to support their communities by donating or gifting the items they make, such as blankets for hospitalized children, homeless persons and shelter pets. Our loyal core customer base is key to our sales growth, and for fiscal 2023, 44% of our net sales were generated by customers who had shopped with us in the preceding 52-weeks ("Returning Customers"). Since February 1, 2020, we have attracted over 15 million new customers. Customers typically purchase from JOANN with a project in mind that requires several component items. In that vein, we believe our physical footprint is an advantage, as most customers regularly want to explore what is new, see how various items and colors work together, see how a fabric drapes, feel the texture and seek help from our experienced team members.

At JOANN, we continuously strive to improve the in-store and digital customer experience. We refine our assortment by conducting thorough reviews of focused categories at a product-level and store location layout-level in order to optimize sales and gross margin. We have an expansive data-driven digital footprint, which includes our extensive digital marketing assets, customer relationship management system ("CRM system"), social media platforms and e-commerce capabilities. We better understand our customers through our centralized database that brings together how each customer interacts in our physical and digital properties and provides a holistic view of their behavior. We are able to utilize this data to drive engagement with our brand, create loyalty and inspire, educate and ensure we are increasing our share of customer spend through timely and relevant marketing. By using data and digital contact channels, including email and SMS digital display, and leveraging our mobile application, we are able to contact customers with personalized content and provide the convenience to shop wherever and however they choose. We believe that these core initiatives and transformational investments have driven our performance and increased customer engagement over the last several years and strategically position us to create long-term value.

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As of January 28, 2023, we operated 833 store locations in 49 states at an average size of approximately 22,500 square feet. Our store locations offer a complete selection of fabric and sewing accessories and an assortment of art, crafts, artificial floral, finished seasonal and home décor merchandise that varies based on store location size.

Sewing

46% of our total net sales were within the Sewing category in fiscal 2023. We offer a broad and comprehensive assortment of Sewing products in all of our store locations and online. These Sewing products offer our customers a combination of unique designs and fashionable trends at competitive prices. We are organized in the following categories for the convenience of the sewing enthusiast as well as those that utilize fabric for other crafting projects:

Arts and Crafts, Home Décor and Other

The remainder of our total net sales in fiscal 2023 were within arts and crafts, home décor and other categories. We offer a broad assortment of merchandise for creative enthusiasts to support their arts and crafts as well as home decorating needs. We offer the following product assortments both in our store locations as well as online:

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Marketing

Our marketing efforts are key to the ongoing success and growth of our brand. We engage a diverse customer base ranging across ages, demographics, interests and skill levels, from the novice to the experienced sewist and maker. Our primary focus with these efforts is to deepen the relationship with our customers, with a long-term focus of creating loyalty and helping our customers find their “Happy Place” at JOANN.

We leverage our proprietary customer database to provide relevant and timely communications to customers through multiple digital channels (email, SMS text, mobile application push notifications and display marketing), and to our most engaged customers via a robust direct mail program. This allows us to efficiently and effectively reach our target customers on a regular basis throughout the year. We rely primarily on digital marketing tactics to drive customer acquisition, including online display and search marketing, social media and affiliate marketing programs. Our retention marketing programs leverage a robust CRM platform and database that provides us a detailed view of customer behavior, combining sales in our store locations with online and social media activity. Through this database, we can personalize our digital marketing, email, SMS text and direct mail campaigns to ensure we are providing the most relevant content to our customer at all times.

Customers can interact with our brand whenever and however they want. Customers connect with us through our mobile-first website, joann.com, both domestically and internationally, as well as our widely used mobile application with more than 15 million downloads. As of the end of fiscal 2023, we had approximately 81 million addressable customers in our vast database and approximately 20 million customers in our email database. Customers have the ability to shop their local store location online, with convenient omni-channel services available like BOPIS or curbside pickup. Customers can also choose to order direct to home, with extended aisle offerings across all major product categories. For customers seeking to purchase in greater quantities, we offer low pricing for bulk purchases through our JOANN+ service on joann.com or through our new wholesale service, Inspiration Direct. Those looking for inspiration and education can access thousands of projects in multiple ways and formats, including our digital platforms that offer thousands of project ideas, from novice to expert level, and include convenient shopping lists for each project. Customers seeking video tutorials can access free content both through joann.com and on the JOANN YouTube channel, where we post additional “how-to” videos. Finally, customers looking to build more advanced skills can gain access to Creativebug, our wholly owned subsidiary, which offers hundreds of longer form video tutorials from experts in the industry via a subscription. Our Creativebug website offers an extensive array of online arts and crafts instructional videos allowing customers to learn how to paint, draw, sew, quilt, knit, crochet and much more, while capturing the intimate experience of learning from top designers and artists.

We interact with customers and communities digitally and in person, through social media, multi-channel marketing campaigns, in-store and community events and on joann.com. Our highly active social networks are playing an increasingly significant role in our marketing, public relations and customer engagement. We utilize Instagram, Facebook, YouTube, Pinterest, Twitter and TikTok to inspire, educate, promote sales, introduce new products, share customer stories and offer customer service support and proactive brand engagement. We also have established relationships with key crafting and sewing influencers who help promote our brand, projects and product offerings. During fiscal 2023, we connected with our diverse team members and customers in a number of ways, including:

We continue to explore partnerships to support and engage existing and potential customers and team members nationwide, and see great engagement and benefit to these programs. In fiscal 2023, JOANN was highlighted by Ad Age as a brand gaining popularity with

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Gen Z and was also named one of America’s Most Trusted Companies by Newsweek, based on an independent survey collected from a vast sample of approximately 50,000 U.S. residents.

Purchasing

We generally have multiple domestic and international sources of supply available for each category of products we sell. During fiscal 2023, we sourced 56% of our purchases from domestic suppliers with the remaining 44% of our products coming directly from manufacturers located in foreign countries, of which over one-third is sourced from China. To further support our direct sourcing strategic initiative, we opened our foreign sourcing office in Shanghai, China in 2018. We continue to diversify our internationally sourced products by expanding in several other countries, including Pakistan, India, Vietnam, Taiwan, Turkey and South Korea. The focus on supplier diversification has allowed us to partially offset the negative impact of the U.S. tariffs on Chinese imports. Because of the increase in foreign sourcing, we need to order these products further in advance than would be the case if the products were sourced domestically, which in turn requires us to have a longer in-transit time for our merchandise and higher safety stock levels in our distribution centers and store locations. Our domestic suppliers also source internationally many of the products they sell to us.

Although we have very few long-term purchase commitments with our suppliers, we strive to maintain continuity with them. All purchases are executed centrally through our store support center, allowing store location managers and team members to focus on customer service and enabling us to negotiate volume discounts, control product mix and ensure quality. As of January 28, 2023, our top supplier represented 5% of our total annual purchase volume and the top 10 suppliers represented 22% of our total annual purchase volume. As of January 28, 2023, we were utilizing approximately 700 merchandise suppliers, with the top 125 representing 77% of our total annual purchase volume.

Logistics

We operate distribution centers in Hudson, Ohio, Visalia, California and Opelika, Alabama, all of which ship merchandise to our store locations on a weekly basis. The distribution centers also ship select products ordered by customers through joann.com directly to their homes. As of January 28, 2023, 91% of the products in our store locations were shipped through our distribution center network, with the remaining 9% of our purchases shipped directly from our suppliers to our store locations. As of January 28, 2023, 35% of outbound volume was supplied from the Hudson distribution center, 27% from the Visalia distribution center and 33% from the Opelika distribution center. During fiscal 2023, we began operations at our omni-channel fulfillment center located in West Jefferson, Ohio, which primarily provides e-commerce fulfillment directly to our customers.

We transport product from our distribution centers to our store locations utilizing contract carriers. Merchandise is shipped directly from our distribution centers to our store locations using dedicated core carriers for 92% of our store locations. For the remainder of our store locations, we transport product using less than truckload carriers or through a regional “hub” where product is cross-docked for local delivery. We do not own or lease either the regional hub or the local delivery vehicles.

Store Location Operations

Site Selection

We believe that our store locations are integral to our success. New and relocated sites are selected through a coordinated effort of our executive, real estate, finance and operations management teams. In evaluating the desirability of a potential store location, we consider both market demographics and site-specific criteria. Market criteria we consider important include, but are not limited to, our existing store location sales performance in that immediate market (if we have an existing store location), distance to other JOANN store locations, competitive presence, total population, number of households, median household income, percentage of home ownership versus rental and historical and projected population growth. Site-specific criteria we consider important include, but are not limited to, size of the store location, rental terms, size of the shopping center, co-tenants, traffic patterns, availability of convenient parking and ease of entry from the major roadways framing the store location.

Opening or Remodeling Store Locations

Our store location refresh program employs standard operating procedures to efficiently open new store locations or remodel or relocate existing store locations. We have developed processes to optimize inventory assortments and marketing programs for store locations that we open or remodel, which are under regular review to uncover opportunities to improve performance and consistency of

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execution. We generally look to execute store location projects in the period from February through October to maximize sales and to minimize disruption to operations during our fourth quarter peak selling season.

Store Location Management

Each store location generally has a manager and an assistant manager. The remainder of staff is a combination of full-time and part-time team members based on each store location’s individual sales volume. Managers generally are compensated with a base salary plus a bonus, which is tied to individual store location and overall company performance.

We strive to promote our managers from within our assistant manager ranks as a result of high performance and completion of our internal management training program. Many of our team members, including managers, started as our customers and are enthusiasts within the Creative Products community. We believe this continuity serves to solidify long-standing relationships between us and our customers, and aids in our ability to provide exceptional service, as evidenced by our consistently high net promoter scores. When we relocate in the same market, we generally retain team members to staff the new store location. Each store location is under the supervision of a district manager who reports to a regional vice president.

We have geographic coverage for our store locations across the United States that we believe provides sufficient scale to efficiently leverage our e-commerce business, national marketing programs and logistics networks. The following table shows the number of store locations by state on January 28, 2023:

The following table reflects the number of store locations opened, relocated and closed during each of the past five fiscal years:

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Our new store location opening costs depend on the building type, store location size and general construction and labor costs in the geographic area. Our relocation and remodel projects range in scope and cost based on the specific needs and sales potential of the store location being refreshed as well as the size of the store location, condition of the building and regional differences in construction costs. Components of cost for these projects include leasehold improvements (net of landlord financial contribution), furniture, fixtures and equipment, inventory (net of vendor support) and pre-opening labor and facilities expenses incurred during the project.

Blue Ocean Initiatives

In addition to the advancements we have made in our store location refresh program and omni-channel platform, we are moving forward with a number of blue ocean initiatives expected to provide long-term profitable revenue growth. For example, Ditto is a joint venture with SVP Worldwide, that we expect will revolutionize the way consumers create, design and complete all of their sewing and crafting pattern projects. In addition, we have forged a strategic partnership with JDM Growth Group, a premier wholesale & e-commerce consulting firm, to develop new avenues for us in the business-to-business wholesale channel ranging from single-sellers all the way to multi-chain retailers. We believe these strategic initiatives will continue to help us differentiate ourselves in the Creative Products market as a leader in innovation and customer service.

Competitive Landscape

We are the nation’s category leader in Sewing and have one of the largest assortments of arts and crafts products, serving customers in their pursuit of apparel and craft sewing, crafting, home decorating and other creative endeavors. We compete with select mass merchants, including Walmart, Inc. and Target Corporation, which dedicate a portion of their selling space to selling Creative Products items. We also compete with specialty retailers in the Creative Products industry, such as The Michaels Companies, Inc. and Hobby Lobby Stores, Inc., as well as smaller regional and local operators.

In addition to e-commerce options offered by the retailers mentioned above, we compete with companies that sell fabrics and crafts only over the internet, such as Amazon.com. We estimate pure e-commerce players represent approximately 10% of the Creative Products industry. We believe that we are the only specialty provider of Creative Products that can serve customers holistically with an expansive assortment, service-oriented experience and integrated omni-channel capabilities.

Information Technology

Our point-of-sale systems and e-commerce platform record the sale of product at the item level. These transactions are collected and transmitted to our financial, merchandising, omni-channel fulfillment and reporting systems throughout the day. Information obtained from item-level transaction data enables us to identify important trends, provide customers and team members with updated inventory information, ensure our products are reliably replenished as sold, eliminate less profitable items and optimize product margins through analysis of our advertising, pricing and promotions.

Our store locations are equipped with broadband communication that is made available to customers so that our mobile e-commerce assets are able to augment our in-store customer service. The broadband service is also used within the store location to enhance the checkout experience and internal store location communications.

Our financial, merchandise and retail systems leverage enterprise software, complemented by other technology solutions for specific business processes where those other solutions are a better fit for our requirements. Those solutions include our portfolio of software for merchandise planning and replenishment as well as our human resource systems.

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Human Capital and Team Members

We value and support our people through, among other initiatives, our diversity, equity and inclusion, talent acquisition and management, team member engagement and occupational health and safety initiatives, as well as our employment practices and total rewards programs.

Team Members

As of January 28, 2023, we had approximately 20,000 full- and part-time team members, of whom approximately 18,100 worked in our store locations. The number of part-time team members is substantially higher during our peak selling season of September through December to support higher merchandising and customer service requirements. Many of our team members are Creative Products enthusiasts and relate to our customers’ passions. Our ability to offer flexible scheduling is also important in attracting and retaining team members, since approximately 75% of our team members work part-time.

Labor Relations

We have one union representing a portion of the team members at JOANN. The United Steel, Paper and Forestry, Rubber, Manufacturing, Energy, Allied Industrial and Service Workers International Union (the “Union”) currently represents team members who work in our Hudson, Ohio distribution center. As of January 28, 2023, approximately 1% of our team members were unionized. Our current contract with the Union expires on May 5, 2023, and relations with the Union are good. We have no other unionized team members.

Code of Business Conduct and Ethics

We have processes in place for compliance with the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics (“Code of Conduct”) for our team members, requiring team members to disclose actual or potential conflicts of interest, report actual or potential violations of the law, rules, regulations, ethics and the Code of Conduct and acknowledge their obligation to comply with the Code of Conduct. Ethics are deeply embedded in our values, business processes and culture. Respect and Responsibility is a core Company value and is the anchor for our Code of Conduct. We regularly reinforce our commitment to ethics and integrity in team member communications, in our everyday actions and through our processes. We also maintain a “Get Help Hotline” and email through which individuals can anonymously raise concerns or ask questions about business behavior.

Diversity and Inclusion

JOANN has always stood for inclusivity, and we believe there is no room for discrimination of any kind in our Company or in our society. We are incredibly proud of the beautiful and diverse communities we serve, inspire and work beside. It is our responsibility to support those who are underrepresented in our industry, and to provide visibility for these groups. We aim to build a future together that focuses on treating all humans with the dignity and respect they deserve. For our team members, we have established an internal Diversity & Inclusion Council ("Council"), comprised of team members across the organization. The Council works collaboratively on ways to effect further change at JOANN, discuss current events and exchange open and honest dialogue about how diversity and inclusion can be enhanced at the Company. Through educational programs, cultural calendars, developmental workshops and learning tools, we are creating an environment where all team members can be their authentic selves and contribute at their highest level. During fiscal 2023, our team hosted a monthly education series open to all team members, featuring both internal and external speakers across a broad range of topics. We also traveled across the nation for a Diversity & Inclusion Roadshow to ensure all field team members are aligned to JOANN’s mission of inclusivity. Additionally, during fiscal 2023, Newsweek named JOANN one of America's Greatest Workplaces for Diversity as well as one of America's Greatest Workplaces for Women.

Health and Safety

The health, safety and wellness of our team members is our highest priority. Our goal is to achieve zero serious injuries through continued investment in and focus on our core safety programs and injury-reduction initiatives. Our focus on safety is reinforced each day through communication to our team members around safety awareness, risk identification and other essential safety protocols. Team members at our store locations and distribution centers receive specialized training to enhance our safety culture and reduce accidents.

Compensation & Benefits

JOANN fosters a friendly, caring and flexible environment for its team members. Whether our team members are full-time or part-time, salaried or hourly, we offer benefits that fit their life. We provide competitive compensation and benefits programs for our team members. All eligible team members can invest in their future by participating in the Jo-Ann Stores, LLC 401(K) Savings Plan (“401(K)

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Plan”), which includes an employer match, or our Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”), which provides an opportunity to purchase JOANN stock at a 15% discount. Full-time team members are offered medical, dental, vision, prescription drug, disability and life insurance coverage, paid time off and a merchandise discount. Part-time associates are offered dental, vision, supplementary life insurance and a merchandise discount.

Training and Development

We offer all team members the tools, training and certifications to help them grow professionally. From initial onboarding to high potential leadership development, we believe in training and career growth for our team members. We actively attract, engage and hire talent who will connect with our vision and deliver on our mission. Our talent management team brings together performance management, talent assessment, succession planning and career planning. This team provides tools, resources and best practices to ensure we have the right talent in the right roles at the right time. We invest in executive coaching, assessments, internal development programs, external courses, peer networks, mentor programs and more.

Trade Names

We do business under trade names for “Jo-Ann,” “JOANN,” “joann.com,” “Jo-Ann Fabrics,” “Jo-Ann Fabric and Craft Stores,” “Jo-Ann Fabrics and Crafts,” “Jo-Ann Fabrics & Crafts” and “Creativebug,” as well as under numerous trade names relating to our private label products and marketing programs. We believe that our trade names provide significant value to our business.

Government Regulation

Various aspects of our operations are subject to federal, state, local and foreign laws, rules and regulations, any of which may change from time-to-time. Laws and regulations affecting our business may change, sometimes frequently and significantly, as a result of political, economic, social or other events. Some of the federal, state or local laws and regulations that affect us include but are not limited to:

Continued compliance with such laws and regulations could prove to be costly and could affect various aspects of our business. For example, increases in minimum wages or changes in wage and hour laws could limit our growth and materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Additionally, with the trend in environmental, health, transportation and safety regulations becoming more restrictive, such as certain physical and electronic accessibility requirements under the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, it is possible that the costs of compliance with such laws and regulations will continue to increase.

Seasonality

Our business exhibits seasonality, which is typical for most retail companies. Our net sales are stronger in the second half of the year than the first half of the year. Net income is highest during the months of September through December when sales volumes provide significant operating leverage. Working capital needs to finance our operations fluctuate during the year and reach their highest levels during the second and third fiscal quarters as we increase our inventory in preparation for our peak selling season.

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Information about our Executive Officers

The following table sets forth information about our executive officers, including their ages as of April 4, 2023. There are no family relationships among any of our executive officers.

Wade Miquelon was appointed as our President, Chief Executive Officer and a member of the board of directors in February 2019 and as Chairman of the Board of Directors in March 2021. Prior to that, Mr. Miquelon served as our Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer beginning April 2016 and as our interim President and Chief Executive Officer from October 2018 to February 2019. Previously, Mr. Miquelon served as Chief Financial Officer and Executive Vice President of Walgreens Boots Alliance, Inc., or The Walgreen Company, an integrated healthcare, pharmacy and retail company, beginning in 2009, and later took on the additional responsibility as President, International, beginning in 2012. Prior to his tenure at The Walgreen Company, Mr. Miquelon served as Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer of Tyson Foods, Inc. Prior to that, Mr. Miquelon spent 15 years as an executive at The Procter and Gamble Company and was based in Europe, Asia and the United States. In 2018, without admitting or denying any of the allegations, Mr. Miquelon consented to the issuance of an SEC order relating to his tenure at The Walgreen Company providing that he cease and desist from committing or causing any violation or future violations of Section 17(a)(2) of the Securities Act and pay a civil monetary penalty of $160,000. The suit was brought against The Walgreen Company and certain of its executives, including Mr. Miquelon. The order related to actions taken prior to 2015 and did not bar Mr. Miquelon from serving as an officer or director of a public company. Mr. Miquelon currently is a board member and serves on the compensation committee of Acadia Healthcare Company, Inc. and serves as the treasurer and trustee of National 4-H Council. He previously served on the boards of Alliance Boots, Lyric Opera and Chicago Shedd Aquarium.

Scott Sekella was appointed as our Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer in September 2022. His responsibilities cover all aspects of the Company's finance, accounting, real estate and indirect procurement functions. Prior to joining the Company, Mr. Sekella served as Vice President, Corporate FP&A at Under Armour, Inc., a branded athletic performance apparel, footwear and accessories company, from 2019 to 2022, and prior to that, was Interim Corporate Controller in 2019, and Senior Director, FP&A from 2016 to 2019. Prior to that, Mr. Sekella was Vice President, Global Controller of Crocs, Inc. from 2014 to 2016. Prior to that, he spent 14 years in roles of increasing responsibility in the financial organizations of Henkel of America, Pfizer, and Ford Motor Company.

Christopher DiTullio was appointed as our Executive Vice President, Chief Customer Officer in February 2022 after serving as our Senior Vice President, Chief Customer Officer since October 2019. His responsibilities cover all aspects in which our customer interacts with our brand, including field leadership and all aspects of store location operations, development and in-store experience; inventory management; omni-channel operations and customer care; marketing and brand organizations, inclusive of creative, digital marketing, digital experience, customer relationship management and customer insights and analytics. Mr. DiTullio joined the Company in 2005 and since that time has held various leadership roles in inventory management, marketing, e-commerce and omni-channel. Prior to joining the Company, Mr. DiTullio held roles in operations and inventory management with JC Penney, Homeplace, Inc. and Cole Vision. Additionally, Mr. DiTullio recently completed a six-year term on the board of Association for Creative Industries (the craft and hobby industry association, formerly Craft & Hobby Association). Mr. DiTullio currently serves on the board of Friends of Breakthrough Schools.

Janet Duliga was appointed as our Executive Vice President, Chief Administrative Officer in February 2022 after serving as our Senior Vice President, Chief Administrative Officer since February 2016. During her tenure with the Company, she completed her dissertation in organizational learning in 2018 at University of Pennsylvania. Dr. Duliga leads our human resources function, and directly oversees our legal, corporate communications, field asset protection, facility security and diversity and inclusion functions. Prior to joining the Company, she held an executive role at Sunglass Hut, a global division of international eyewear and optical health company, Luxottica, from 2010 to 2016. Previously, she worked in the human resources departments at both Pacific Sunwear from 2007 to 2010, and The Wet Seal from 2001 to 2003, and as employment liability counsel at Nordstrom, Inc. from 1999 to 2001. She began her career in the employment practice group of Sheppard Mullin Richter and Hampton and maintains her license to practice law in California.

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Robert Will was appointed as our Executive Vice President, Chief Merchandising Officer in February 2022 after serving as our Senior Vice President, Chief Merchandising Officer since October 2019. In this role, Mr. Will is responsible for leading product merchandising strategy, execution and profitability across both the brick and mortar and e-commerce channels. He leads our product development and direct sourcing efforts including responsibility for our office in Shanghai, China. Mr. Will also holds the role of executive sponsor of our e-commerce business. Mr. Will joined the Company in September 2016 and spent his first two years as Senior Vice President, General Merchandise Manager of the craft category. Prior to joining the Company, he spent six years at The Sports Authority with roles including Vice President, Divisional Merchandise Manager of Team and Winter Sports and Senior Vice President, General Merchandise Manager of their omni-channel hardgoods business. Prior to that, Mr. Will held a variety of merchandising and planning roles of increasing responsibility in apparel, footwear and hardgoods at Macy’s, Inc. and Dick’s Sporting Goods.

Ann Aber was appointed as our Senior Vice President, Chief Legal Officer & Secretary in March 2021 and previously served as our Vice President, General Counsel & Secretary since April 2019. Her responsibilities include legal, corporate governance, environmental, social and governance (“ESG”), risk management and classification and compliance. Prior to joining the Company, Ms. Aber served as Vice President & General Counsel at More Than Gourmet, a specialty food manufacturer, from September 2017 to April 2019. Prior to that, Ms. Aber acted as Counsel at Eaton Corporation plc from 2012 to 2017. Previously, Ms. Aber was an Associate in the Private Equity practice at Jones Day from 2008 to 2012. Ms. Aber currently serves on the board of directors of the Greater Cleveland Sports Commission, the Board of Visitors for Cleveland State University College of Law as well as the National Advisory Council for On Our Sleeves.

Mario Sampson was appointed as our Senior Vice President, Supply Chain in June 2022. In this role, he is responsible for all aspects of the Company’s supply chain and logistics. Prior to joining the Company, Mr. Sampson served as Senior Vice President, Supply Chain at Ollie’s Bargain Outlet, a retail merchandise company, from December 2021 to May 2022. Prior to that, Mr. Sampson spent six years at Unique Industries, a party supplies manufacturer and distributor, serving as Vice President of Operations from 2016 to 2019 and Senior Vice President of Operations from 2019 to 2021. Previously, he held supply chain-related roles with increasing responsibility at Macy’s, Inc., Amazon.com, Inc. and Target Corporation.

Joseph Thibault was appointed as our Senior Vice President, Store Operations in November 2021. In this role, he plans, directs, coordinates and oversees operational activities at all of our store locations. Previously, Mr. Thibault served as our Vice President of Operations Support and Facilities from September 2019 to November 2021 and Regional Vice President of the Mid-Atlantic from March 2015 to September 2019. Since joining the Company in August of 2002, Mr. Thibault has served in several key functional roles of increasing responsibility supporting our store locations in both a regional and national capacity.

Lisa Wittman-Smith was appointed as our Senior Vice President, Inventory Management and Business Insights in November 2021. In this role, she manages all aspects of Company inventory, leads analytics for merchandise and promotions and drives optimization efforts within store location assortments and supply chain. Prior to joining the Company, Ms. Wittman-Smith served as the Vice President, Business Insights at Visionworks of America, a leading provider of eye care services, from June 2019 to November 2021. Prior to that, she spent over 20 years at Luxottica Group SpA, a premium eyewear retailer, holding the title of Vice President, Marketing from November 2017 to May 2019 and Senior Vice President, Merchandise Planning and Allocation from May 2016 to October 2017.

Available Information

We are required to file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other information with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). The SEC maintains an internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC at http://www.sec.gov.

We also make financial information, news releases and other information available on our corporate website at www.joann.com. Our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and any amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act are available free of charge on this website as soon as reasonably practicable after we file these reports and amendments with, or furnish them to, the SEC. The information contained on or connected to our website is not incorporated by reference into this Annual Report on Form 10- K and should not be considered part of this or any other report filed with the SEC.

We may use our website as a distribution channel of material information about the Company. Financial and other important information regarding the Company is routinely posted on and accessible through the Investors Relations section of our website at www.investors/joann.com.

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Item 1A. Risk Factors

You should carefully consider the risks described below, together with all of the other information included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, including our Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, before making an investment decision. Our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected by any of these risks or uncertainties. In that case, the trading price of our common stock could decline.

Risks Related to Our Business

General economic factors, including the adverse impacts of inflation, may materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

General economic conditions may adversely affect our business, financial performance and results of operation. Consumer demand for the products that we sell, as well as our overall cost structure, could be adversely affected by inflation, higher interest rates, higher fuel and other energy costs, deflation, recession, competitive labor markets, lack of available consumer credit, higher consumer debt levels, lack of consumer discretionary spending, lack of consumer confidence in future economic conditions, changes in tax laws, overall economic slowdown and/or other economic factors. Our sales generally represent discretionary spending by our customers, and thus, we may be more susceptible to factors negatively affecting consumer demand than others selling less discretionary products. Lower consumer demand for our products would cause our revenues, and possibly our profitability, to decline, while a prolonged economic downtown could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

In the last year, the costs of products, packaging materials, labor, energy, fuel, transportation and other inputs necessary for the distribution and sale of our products have rapidly increased. Prolonged periods of inflation may have a negative impact on our profit margins and results of operations. In addition, product cost inflation may negatively impact consumer discretionary spending decisions, which could adversely impact our sales.

Increased freight costs on imported products could continue to adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Ocean freight costs currently represent a significant portion of the cost of our imported products. Ocean freight rates on our imported products are affected by a myriad of factors, including disruptions to the global economy, including disruptions caused by public health epidemics or pandemics, petroleum prices, congestion at U.S. ports and ocean freight carrier capacity. We experienced significant increases in ocean freight charges beginning in fiscal 2022, and recognized $91.2 million of excess import freight costs in fiscal 2023 as a component of cost of sales within the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. While ocean freight charges as of the end of fiscal 2023 were below highs experienced earlier in the fiscal year, we may experience significant increases in ocean freight charges in the future. Although we may be able to partially offset these increases through strategic purchasing, efficiency gains and pursuing various supply chain alternatives, such increases have adversely affected, and could continue to adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Evolving U.S. trade regulations and policies, including with China and other Asian countries, have in the past and may in the future have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our products are sourced from a wide variety of suppliers, including from suppliers overseas, particularly in China and other Asian countries. In addition, some of the products that we purchase from vendors in the United States depend, in whole or in part, on suppliers located outside the United States. Restrictions or tariffs imposed on products that we or our suppliers import for sale in the United States have in the past, and may in the future, adversely and directly impact our cost of sales. In addition, changes in U.S. trade regulations and policies could have an adverse impact on trade relations between the United States and certain foreign countries, which could materially and adversely affect our relationships with our international suppliers and reduce the supply of goods available to us. Further, we cannot predict the extent to which the United States will adopt changes to existing trade regulations and policies, which creates uncertainties in planning our sourcing strategies and forecasting our margins. For example, in 2018 and 2019, the United States imposed significant tariffs on various products imported from China, including certain products we source from China. These tariffs are currently being reviewed by the Office of the United States Trade Representative as part of the standard four-year review process. The United States has also stated that further tariffs may be imposed on additional products imported from China if a trade agreement is not reached. On January 15, 2020, a “phase one” trade deal was signed between the United States and China and was accompanied by a decision from the United States to cancel a plan to increase tariffs on an additional list of products from China. However, given the limited scope of the phase one agreement, concerns over the stability of bilateral trade relations remain. At this time, there is no assurance that a broader trade agreement will be successfully negotiated between the United States and China to reduce or eliminate the existing tariffs. If additional tariffs are imposed on our products, or other retaliatory trade measures are taken, our costs could increase and we may be required to raise our prices, which could materially and adversely affect our results.

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Our inability to respond effectively to competitive pressures, changes in the retail markets and customer expectations could result in lost market share, which could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our inability to respond effectively to competitive pressures, changes in the retail markets and customer expectations could result in lost market share, which could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Competition is intense in the Creative Products industry. We compete with various providers in this industry for customer attention, shopping visits, exclusive vendor relationships, leadership talent, and in some cases, front line team members and store locations. In order to retain and grow our market share, we must remain competitive in the areas of product assortment, price, convenience and customer service. In addition, the retail industry in general is subject to rapid technological change, which may increase the amount of capital we spend in the future as we work to sustain and grow our technological infrastructure and digital commerce capabilities in order to remain competitive. Moreover, we ultimately compete against alternative sources of entertainment and leisure activities for our customers that are unrelated to the Creative Products industry.

We compete with select mass merchants, including Walmart Inc. and Target Corporation, which dedicate a portion of their selling space to selling Creative Products items. We also compete with specialty retailers in the Creative Products industry, such as The Michaels Companies, Inc. and Hobby Lobby Stores, Inc., as well as smaller regional and local operators. In addition to e-commerce options offered by the retailers mentioned above, we compete with companies that sell fabrics and crafts only over the internet, such as Amazon.com. Some of our competitors may be larger, more experienced and offer additional products that we cannot offer economically. For example, some of our competitors may offer more options for free and/or expedited shipping for e-commerce sales than we offer. Some competitors have greater financial resources and technology capabilities, better access to merchandise, better access to capital markets and debt financing and greater market penetration than we do.

The performance of our competitors as well as changes in their pricing and promotional policies, marketing activities, new store location openings, merchandising and operational strategies could impact our sales and profitability. Additionally, as our competitors continue to offer online ordering, ship-to-home and pickup in-store fulfillment, there is a risk that we could lose market share, which could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We may not be able to maintain or negotiate favorable lease terms, which may materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We lease substantially all of our store locations. If lower cost commercial strip shopping center locations are unavailable, whether due to large scale redevelopment of shopping centers or otherwise, we may experience difficulties entering into new leases on favorable terms. In addition, we lease substantially all of our store locations generally for extended terms with a typical initial term of 10 years, and we had an average remaining term of obligation of 3.9 years as of January 28, 2023. The majority of our leases contain provisions for base rent and a small number of our leases contain provisions for base rent plus percentage rent based on sales in excess of an agreed-upon minimum annual sales level. Although we have the right to terminate some of our leases under specified conditions by making specified payments, we may not be able to terminate a particular lease if or when we would like to do so, which could prevent us from closing or relocating certain underperforming store locations. If we decide to close any of our store locations prior to the expiration date of such lease, we generally are required to continue paying rent and operating expenses for the balance of the lease term, or pay to exercise rights to terminate, and the performance of any of these obligations may be expensive. When we assign or sublease vacated store locations, we may remain liable for the lease obligations if the assignee or sub-lessee does not perform. Accordingly, we are subject to the risks associated with leasing store locations, which can have a material and adverse effect on us.

If we are unable to renew, renegotiate or replace our leases or enter into leases for new store locations on favorable terms, our growth and profitability could be harmed, which could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We are required to make significant lease payments for our leases, which may strain our cash flow.

We depend on net cash provided by operating activities to pay our lease expenses and to fulfill our other cash needs. If our business does not generate sufficient cash provided by operating activities, and sufficient funds are not otherwise available to us from borrowings under our senior secured asset based revolving credit facility originally dated October 21, 2016, as amended and restated on December 22, 2021 (the “ABL Facility”), our senior secured first lien term loan facility entered into on October 21, 2016, as amended on July 7, 2021 (the “First Lien Facility”) and, together with the ABL Facility, (the “Credit Facilities”) or from other sources, we may not be able

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to service our operating lease expenses, grow our business, respond to competitive challenges or fund our other liquidity and capital needs, which would harm our business.

Failure to attract, develop, motivate and retain qualified team members and effectively manage increases in labor costs as a result of competition for workers, labor shortages, labor market pressures and increased minimum wage requirements could limit our growth and materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our success depends in part upon our ability to attract, develop, motivate and retain large numbers of qualified store support center, distribution center and store location support personnel who understand and appreciate our culture and are able to adequately represent our brand. The majority of our team members are in entry-level and part-time positions in our store locations with historically high rates of turnover. In order to successfully operate our physical network, we are reliant on the ability to recruit, develop, motivate and retain significant numbers of store location managers and team members who are capable of consistently providing a high level of customer service, as demonstrated by their enthusiasm for our brand, knowledge of our merchandise and the creative projects they support. Our operations and prospects could be adversely affected if we cannot attract and retain qualified management and team members.

Our ability to meet our labor needs while controlling our costs is subject to external factors such as competition for workers, labor shortages, labor market pressures, unemployment levels, prevailing wage rates, rising health care and other insurance costs, uncertainty about federal health care policies, minimum wage legislation, unionization of our workers, changes in employment legislation and regulations and changing demographics. As of January 28, 2023, approximately 1% of our team members were unionized, all of which work at our Hudson, Ohio distribution center. Our team members’ participation in labor unions could put us at increased risk of labor strikes and disruptions of our operations. In addition, changes in minimum wage laws and other employment laws can have a significant impact on our costs and customer experience if we fail to increase our wages competitively. In particular, in recent years, there have been significant increases in minimum wages in many jurisdictions, with more increases anticipated in future years. As of January 28, 2023, we employed approximately 20,000 team members, approximately 75% of whom are part-time. All of our team members are paid at or above applicable minimum wages. Additionally, many of our salaried team members are paid at rates that could be impacted by changes to minimum pay levels for exempt roles. Any increases at the federal, state or municipal level to the minimum pay rate required to remain exempt from overtime pay may adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Furthermore, market competition may create further pressure for us to increase the wages paid to our team members or the benefits packages that they receive. If we experience market-driven increases in wage rates or benefits or if we fail to increase our wages or benefits packages competitively, our ability to attract and retain team members could suffer. Consistently low unemployment rates may increase the likelihood or impact of such market pressures. Any failure to meet our staffing needs, any material increases in team member turnover rates or any increases in overall labor and health care costs could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Failure to manage inventory effectively, predict new consumer trends or effectively react to changes in consumer buying habits could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Due to the nature of our business, we purchase much of our inventory well in advance of each selling season. Therefore, our success depends in part on our ability to anticipate and respond in a timely manner to changing customer demands, preferences and buying habits. If we misjudge consumer preferences or demands or fail to timely and effectively react to changes in trends or overall consumer demand, we could have excess inventory that may need to be held for a long period of time, written down, sold at prices lower than expected or discarded in order to clear excess inventory at the end of a selling season. Conversely, if we underestimate consumer demand, we may experience shortages of key items and may not be able to provide products to our customers to meet their demand. Given the project and component nature of our business, these shortages could materially and adversely affect sales of other related products and even conversion of traffic to sales within our store locations and on our mobile application and website. We also sometimes experience long lead times for manufacturing and delivery of our products, particularly those that we source directly from foreign suppliers, which further increases inventory carrying costs. A failure to manage our inventory effectively, including a failure to manage inventory theft or loss rates, could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Additionally, any failure to identify and act upon new Creative Products trends prior to our competitors could provide a competitive advantage to our competitors and have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

In addition, our store locations are generally located in strip and “big box” shopping centers, providing us with additional traffic beyond marketing efforts. Shopping center traffic may be adversely affected by, among other things, economic downturns, rising fuel costs, gasoline shortages, the closing of anchor store locations, shopping center occupancy rates and mix, new shopping centers and other retail developments, perceived safety of particular shopping centers or changes in customer shopping preferences. A decline in the popularity of visiting shopping centers among our target customers could have a material and adverse effect on customer traffic and our business in general. A reduction in traffic to shopping centers, including the growth of online purchasing, may lead to a decrease in our net sales and results of operations, which could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

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Increased costs related to the production of our merchandise or disruptions in our distribution network could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

There are various costs related to the production of our merchandise. Any increase in such costs could have a negative impact on our business. For example, fluctuations in the prices of raw materials or other costs related to the production of our merchandise could cause our product costs to increase. Increases in our merchandise costs or in the prices of the raw materials used to create our merchandise, such as cotton, petroleum or wool used in the production of fabric and other products, could result in significant cost increases for those products. In addition, significant increases in energy costs or wages used in the production of our merchandise may cause our suppliers to increase the merchandise cost to us, which could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Similarly, disruptions in our distribution network could negatively affect our ability to meet customer demand both in our store locations and through our e-commerce business. We operate distribution centers to support our business. The majority of our inventory is shipped directly from suppliers to our distribution centers where the inventory is then processed, sorted, picked and shipped to our store locations. We rely in large part on the orderly operation of this receiving and distribution process, which depends on adherence to shipping schedules and effective management of our distribution network. If any facility is severely damaged or experiences disruptions in operations due to natural disasters or other catastrophic events, labor disagreements, information system issues, shipping problems or any other reasons, our other distribution centers would likely not be able to support the resulting additional distribution demands. In addition, we utilize a variety of fulfillment sources to deliver our e-commerce orders. We rely heavily on the orderly operations of each fulfillment source to receive and manage our inventory, process online orders and deliver directly to customers on a timely basis. Any disruptions in operations whether due to natural disasters, public health epidemics or pandemics, including the COVID-19 pandemic, catastrophic events, receiving issues, shipping problems, transitioning between fulfillment sources, other operational problems or inefficiencies or any other reasons could have a direct material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations, in addition to potentially creating a customer perception issue that could independently have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We also rely upon various means of transportation, including shipments by air, sea, rail and truck, to deliver products to our distribution centers from vendors, from our distribution centers to our store locations, for direct shipments from vendors to store locations and to fulfill our customers’ online orders. Any disruptions to the transportation system or increases in transportation costs, for example, due to labor shortages or capacity constraints in the transportation industry, disruptions to the national and international transportation infrastructure, strikes or slow-downs by port or transportation company employees, fuel shortages or transportation cost increases (such as increases in ocean shipping, trucking, or consumer package delivery rates, fuel costs or port fees) could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Our results of operations may also be adversely affected if we are unable to secure, or are able to secure only at significantly higher costs, adequate transportation resources to meet our needs.

Our ability to meet our strategic goals depends on our ability to identify and implement improvements to our supply chain, including merchandise ordering, transportation, direct sourcing initiatives, distribution center capacity and efficiency and receipt processing, as well as the expansion of our international distribution network. If we are unable to successfully implement enhancements to our distribution systems and processes and fail to achieve the efficiencies required for us to meet our strategic goals, including by increasing our penetration of direct to factory buying relationships to reduce cost and improve product innovation, this could disrupt our supply chain, which could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

The seasonality of our sales may materially and adversely affect our operating results.

Our business is highly seasonal, with a significant amount of sales and earnings occurring in the third and, in particular, the fourth fiscal quarters. Our inventory levels and related short-term financing needs also are seasonal, with the greatest requirements occurring during our second and third fiscal quarters as we increase our inventory in preparation for our peak selling season. Our peak selling season generally runs from September through December. Accordingly, the results of a single fiscal quarter, particularly the third and fourth fiscal quarters, should not be relied on as an indication of our annual results or future performance. In addition, any factors that impact our third and fourth fiscal quarter operating results could have a disproportionate effect on our results of operations for the entire fiscal year. If for any reason our third and fourth fiscal quarter results were substantially below expectations, our operating results for the full year would be materially and adversely affected, and we could have substantial excess inventory, including seasonal merchandise, that we would have limited time to liquidate.

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We increasingly depend on e-commerce, and our failure to successfully manage this channel and deliver a convenient omni-channel shopping experience to our customers could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Expanding e-commerce is an important part of our strategy to grow our omni-channel operations and to access international markets. Omni-channel retailing is rapidly evolving, and we must keep pace with customer preferences and expectations. In addition, dependence on e-commerce and omni-channel fulfillment subjects us to certain other risks, including:

Our customers are increasingly using mobile devices, computers and other devices to shop online for products that we carry. Omni-channel retailing is rapidly evolving and we must keep pace with customer preferences and expectations. There are various risks associated with omni-channel retailing, including the need to keep pace with frequent technology changes, internet security risks and an increased level of competition. Failure to identify and effectively respond to changing consumer tastes, preferences and spending patterns on a timely basis could materially and adversely affect our relationship with our customers and the demand for our products.

Our failure to successfully address and respond to these risks and uncertainties could materially and adversely affect sales, increase costs, diminish our growth prospects and damage the reputation of our brand, each of which could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our reliance on foreign suppliers increases our risks of not obtaining adequate, timely and cost effective merchandise, as well as risks involved in foreign operations and foreign currency translation.

We are heavily dependent on foreign suppliers, particularly manufacturers located in China and other Asian countries. For example, during fiscal 2023, we purchased 44% of our products directly from manufacturers located in foreign countries and we anticipate that this percentage will increase in coming years. In addition, many of our domestic suppliers purchase most of their products from foreign suppliers. This reliance increases the risk that we will not have adequate and timely supplies of various products due to local political, economic, social or environmental conditions (including acts of terrorism, the outbreak of war or the occurrence of a natural disaster, public health epidemic or pandemic, such as the COVID-19 pandemic), transportation delays (including dock strikes and other work stoppages), restrictive actions by foreign governments or changes in U.S. laws and regulations affecting imports or domestic distribution. Reliance on foreign manufacturers also increases our exposure to trade infringement claims. In addition, as part of our global sourcing strategy, we have undertaken efforts to diversify the countries from which we source products, which exposes us to increased risks associated with sourcing products from countries where we have limited or no prior operating experience, such as risks associated with complying with unfamiliar laws and regulations (including uncertainty regarding the interpretation, application and enforceability of laws and regulations relating to contract and intellectual property rights), ensuring that our suppliers comply with fair labor practices and human rights laws, ensuring that we comply with the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and other anti-corruption laws and regulations, adapting to local cultures, standards and practices and overcoming limited personnel and lack of resources in foreign countries. Any of these risks could cause us to materially alter our business practices related to sourcing and/or impact our profitability resulting in a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

If any of our suppliers have practices that are not legal or accepted in the United States, consumers may develop a negative view of us, our brand image could be damaged and we could become the subject of boycotts by our customers and/or interest groups. Further, if our suppliers violate labor or other laws of their own country, these violations could cause disruptions or delays in their shipments of merchandise. We conduct periodic audits at various suppliers and have terminated relationships with suppliers from time to time based on the results of those audits. However, there is no guarantee that we can identify all issues from such audits and therefore we rely in part on suppliers’ representations certifying their compliance with applicable laws. If our goods are manufactured using illegal or unacceptable labor practices in these countries, or other countries from which our suppliers source the product we purchase, our ability to supply merchandise for our store locations without interruption, our brand image and, consequently, our sales may be materially and adversely affected.

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Additionally, reductions in the value of the U.S. dollar or revaluation of the Chinese currency or other foreign currencies, could ultimately increase the prices that we pay for our products. Further, all of our products manufactured overseas and imported into the United States are subject to duties collected by the U.S. Customs Service. We may be subjected to additional duties, significant monetary penalties, the seizure and forfeiture of the products we are attempting to import or the loss of import privileges if we or our suppliers are found to be in violation of U.S. laws and regulations applicable to the importation of our products. If duties were to be significantly increased, it could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We may not be able to achieve the expected benefits from the implementation of marketing initiatives, which may result in a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We may not be able to successfully execute our marketing initiatives, such as changes in the appearance, content and distribution of our advertising, our continued focus on digital marketing (including social media, mobile applications and web tactics, such as display marketing, brand partnerships and digital video), new vendor programs and improved merchandising processes, and may fail to realize the intended benefits and growth prospects associated with these initiatives. For example, we may be unable to leverage and grow our digital customer database and social media marketing due to lack of engagement or technology challenges. In addition, if we are unable to cost-effectively use social media platforms as marketing tools or if the social media platforms we use change their policies or algorithms, we may not be able to fully optimize such platforms, and our ability to maintain and acquire customers and our financial condition may suffer.

Product assortment, price, convenience and customer service have a significant influence on consumers’ choices among competing products and brands. We may fail to meet assumptions underlying estimates of expected revenue growth or overall cost savings from marketing initiatives or renovations of our store locations, particularly if economic conditions deteriorate. If we misjudge consumer response to our existing or future promotional activities, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.

Our continued growth depends on our ability to successfully implement our strategic initiatives, which are subject to a variety of risks and uncertainties.

We are in the process of implementing a store location refresh initiative focused on improving the profitability of our existing store locations by renovating those store locations and enhancing the product offerings within those store locations. This initiative has required, and will continue to require, significant incremental capital expenditures, and the capital required to implement the initiative across our remaining store locations may be more than we expect. Additionally, the success of our store location refresh initiative depends on the availability of enhanced store locations, our ability to grow market share relative to our direct competitors in the same area as our refreshed store locations, cost of materials or labor required to execute our refresh projects and ongoing economic viability of the areas where our refreshed store locations operate.

We are also investing in a number of initiatives that are expected to provide profitable revenue growth opportunities beyond our core store location refresh and omni-channel initiatives. An example of this is our recently announced partnership with SVP Global on the recently launched Ditto product line and related digital subscriptions. As these are emerging ventures, we may not achieve anticipated benefits in the time frame that we expect, or at all, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Such initiatives may also disrupt the operation of our current activities and divert management’s attention from other business matters.

We have also implemented a number of cost savings initiatives, such as our Focus, Simplify and Grow initiative, which include investing in product sourcing initiatives, talent for our indirect spend procurement function and supply chain initiatives to support our e-commerce growth. There can be no assurance that our store location refresh initiative, our cost savings initiatives or any future strategic initiatives will be successful, will result in the expected benefits or will be achieved on the anticipated timeframe, or at all. If we are unable to successfully implement our strategic initiatives on favorable terms, or at all, or if our initiatives are unsuccessful, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.

Any inability to balance merchandise bearing our proprietary brands with the third-party branded merchandise we sell may have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our proprietary branded merchandise represents a significant portion of our net sales. Our proprietary branded merchandise generally has a higher gross profit than the comparable third-party branded merchandise we offer. As a result, we may determine that it is best for us to continue to hold or increase the penetration of our proprietary brands in the future. However, carrying our proprietary brands may limit the amount of third-party branded merchandise we can carry and, therefore, there is a risk that the customers’ perception that we offer the appropriate breadth of assortment for many major brands could decline. By maintaining or increasing the amount of our proprietary branded merchandise, we are also exposed to greater risk, as we may fail to anticipate trends correctly. In addition, to

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the extent our proprietary brands underperform, our overall brand and reputation may be harmed. These risks, if they occur, could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Any difficulty executing or integrating an acquisition, business combination or other strategic transaction could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We have made strategic acquisitions and investments in the past to help drive our growth and pursue strategic initiatives, and we intend to pursue similar opportunities in the future. Any difficulty in executing or integrating an acquisition, business combination or other strategic transaction may result in our inability to achieve anticipated benefits from these transactions in the time frame that we anticipate, or at all, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Such transactions may also disrupt the operation of our current activities and divert management’s attention from other business matters. In addition, our Credit Facilities place certain limited constraints on our ability to make an acquisition or enter into a business combination, and future borrowing agreements could place tighter constraints on such actions.

Loss of key senior management executives could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We are dependent on the services, abilities and experiences of our key senior management team to execute on our business and operating strategies. The loss of one or more key senior executives could hinder our ability to implement our strategic and operational plans and may have a material effect on us. If we found it necessary to replace one or more key senior executives, delays in hiring the new executive(s) or our inability to effectively integrate the newly-hired executive(s) into our business processes, controls, systems and culture may also have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Failure to comply with various regulations may materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Various federal and state laws govern our relationship with, and other matters pertaining to, our team members, including wage and hour laws, laws governing independent contractor classifications, requirements to provide meal and rest periods or other benefits, family leave mandates, requirements regarding working conditions and accommodations to certain team members, citizenship or work authorization and related requirements, insurance and workers’ compensation rules and anti-discrimination laws. Any claim that alleges a failure by us to comply with any of the foregoing laws and regulations may subject us to fines, penalties, injunctions, litigation and/or potential criminal violations, which could adversely affect our reputation, business, financial condition and results of operations. We have been party to such lawsuits in the past, including in class action lawsuits, and may be subjected to similar suits in the future. In addition, any changes to existing employment laws or regulations or any new employment laws or regulations that are adopted may make it more difficult and costly for us to operate our business, and in turn, adversely affect our operating results.

Our global operations also expose us to risks and challenges associated with conducting business internationally, including with our foreign suppliers, and our results of operations may be adversely affected by our efforts to comply with U.S. laws which apply to international operations, such as the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, U.S. economic sanctions laws and U.S. export control laws, as well as the laws of other countries, including laws related to product safety and consumer protection, privacy and taxation. Economic sanctions laws in the United States may prohibit us from transacting with or in certain countries and with certain individuals or companies. In the United States, the U.S. Department of the Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control administers and enforces laws, Executive Orders and regulations establishing certain U.S. economic and trade sanctions. As we expand our global presence, we expect our exposure to these risks and challenges to increase, such as with respect to compliance with foreign data privacy laws and tax laws.

Federal, state and foreign governments have enacted or may enact laws or regulations regarding privacy and data security and the collection and use of personal information. We strive to comply with all such laws and regulations; it is possible, however, that these requirements may change, may be interpreted and applied in a manner that is inconsistent from one jurisdiction to another, may conflict with other rules or may conflict with our practices. Further, security breaches in our information systems could result in a violation of applicable U.S., state and/or international privacy and other laws, and subject us to private litigation and governmental investigations and proceedings, any of which could result in our exposure to material civil or criminal liability. Compliance with current and future applicable U.S., state and international privacy, cybersecurity and related laws can be costly and time-consuming. Significant capital investments and other expenditures could also be required to remedy cybersecurity incidents and prevent future breaches, including costs associated with additional security technologies, personnel, experts and call centers and credit monitoring services for those whose data has been breached. Our cyber insurance coverage may not be sufficient to cover such costs. These costs, which could be material, could adversely impact our results of operations in the period in which they are incurred and may not meaningfully limit the success of future attempts to breach our information technology systems. Our failure, or our vendors’ failure, to comply with the regulatory requirements concerning privacy and enhanced regulatory and litigation activity focused on privacy and data security issues could also have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

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Additionally, many governments, regulators, investors, employees, customers and other stakeholders are increasingly focused on ESG considerations relating to businesses, including climate change and greenhouse gas emissions, human capital and diversity, equity and inclusion. We make statements about our ESG goals and initiatives through information provided on our website, press statements and other communications. Responding to these ESG considerations and implementation of these goals and initiatives involves risks and uncertainties, requires investments and are impacted by factors that may be outside of our control. In addition, some stakeholders may disagree with our goals and initiatives and the focus of stakeholders may change and evolve over time. Stakeholders also may have very different views on where ESG focus should be placed, including differing views of regulators in various jurisdictions in which we operate. Any failure, or perceived failure, by us to achieve our goals, further our initiatives, adhere to our public statements, comply with federal, state or international ESG laws and regulations, or meet evolving and varied stakeholder expectations and standards could result in legal and regulatory proceedings against us and materially and adversely affect our business, reputation, results of operations, financial condition and stock price.

Our marketing programs, e-commerce initiatives and use of consumer information are governed by an evolving set of laws and enforcement trends, and unfavorable changes in those laws or trends, or our failure to comply with existing or future laws, could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

The success of our marketing and e-commerce initiatives is dependent on our ability to collect, maintain, process and use data obtained through our interactions with customers online. Our use of this information is subject to evolving federal, state and foreign laws and enforcement trends. Failure to comply with existing and future laws and other legal obligations relating to privacy, data protection and customer protection, including those relating to the use of data for marketing purposes, may impede our ability to effectively engage customers via personalized marketing tactics, increase our potential monetary liability, damage our reputation and adversely affect our business and operating results. We are impacted, in particular, by the California Consumer Privacy Act, or CCPA, which became effective on January 1, 2020 and is intended to enhance privacy rights and consumer protection for residents of California, as well as the Colorado Privacy Act and the Virginia Consumer Data Protection Act. Furthermore, in November 2020, California voters passed the California Privacy Rights and Enforcement Act of 2020, which amends and expands the CCPA with additional data privacy compliance requirements that may adversely impact our business, and establishes a regulatory agency dedicated to enforcing these requirements. In the event that we are unable to timely comply with the new compliance demands, or new compliance regimes as a result of expanding our business, significant fines or penalties could result and could adversely affect our reputation and have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

As we are subject to U.S. federal, state, and local income taxation, and, to a much lesser extent, Chinese taxation, any adverse developments in applicable tax laws could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Our effective tax rate could also change materially as a result of various evolving factors, including changes in income tax law resulting from the recent congressional elections in the United States.

We are subject to income taxation at the federal level and by most states and certain municipalities because of the scope of our retail operations and our corporate and financing structure. In addition, income earned by our foreign sourcing office in Shanghai is subject to Chinese taxation. In determining our income tax liability for these jurisdictions, we must monitor changes to the applicable tax laws and related regulations. While our existing corporate and financing structure has been implemented in a manner we believe is in compliance with current laws, one or more U.S. states or foreign jurisdictions could also seek to impose incremental or new taxes on us. In addition, as a result of the recent congressional elections in the United States, there could be significant changes in tax law and regulations that could result in additional federal income taxes being imposed on us. No specific tax legislation or regulations have yet been proposed and the likelihood and nature of any such legislation or regulations is uncertain. Any adverse developments in these laws or regulations, including legislative changes, judicial holdings or administrative interpretations, could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Risks Related to Our Reliance on Third Parties

A disruption in relationships with third parties could adversely affect our reputation, sales and results of operations.

We rely on third parties to support our business, including, among other things, portions of our technology development and support and certain payment processing services. If we are unable to contract with third parties having the specialized skills needed to support those strategies or integrate their products and services with our business, if we fail to properly manage those third parties, or if they fail to meet our performance standards and expectations, including with respect to data security, then our reputation, sales and results of operations could be adversely affected. In addition, we could face increased costs or be limited in finding replacement providers or hiring and retaining team members to provide these services in-house.

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Significant failures by suppliers from whom our products are sourced and the need to transition to other qualified suppliers could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our business success is highly dependent on our ability to find qualified suppliers who can deliver products and services in a timely and efficient manner and in compliance with our vendor standards and all applicable laws and regulations. Many of our suppliers are small companies with limited resources that lack financial flexibility. Some of our suppliers are susceptible to cash flow issues, production difficulties, quality control issues and problems in delivering agreed-upon quantities of products or services meeting the contractual requirements, on schedule and in compliance with regulatory requirements, including those of the Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act of 2008 and state product safety laws. We may be unable, if necessary, to return products to these suppliers and obtain refunds of our purchase price or obtain reimbursement or indemnification from them if their products or services prove defective, not in compliance with contractual or regulatory requirements or in violation of third party intellectual property rights. In addition, many of our product suppliers require extensive advance notice of our requirements in order to supply products in the quantities we desire. This long lead time requires us to place orders far in advance of the time when certain products will be offered for sale, exposing us to shifts in demand. In addition, some of our suppliers may be unable to withstand a downturn in economic conditions. The inability of key suppliers to access financing, or their insolvency, could lead to their failure to deliver merchandise or services. If we are unable to procure products and services when needed, our sales and cash flows could be negatively impacted. Significant failures on the part of our key suppliers could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

The products we sell are sourced from a wide variety of domestic and international vendors. Global sourcing has become an increasingly important part of our business, as we have undertaken efforts to increase the amount of product we source directly from overseas manufacturers who may be new to our supplier network. Our ability to find qualified suppliers who meet our standards and supply products in a timely and efficient manner could be a significant challenge, especially with respect to goods sourced from outside the United States. Any issues related to transitioning suppliers or delays in identifying suppliers from additional countries to execute our global sourcing strategy could materially and adversely affect our revenue and gross profit.

Product recalls and/or product liability, as well as changes in product safety and other consumer protection laws, may materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We are subject to regulations by a variety of federal, state and international regulatory authorities, including the Consumer Product Safety Commission. As of January 28, 2023, we were utilizing approximately 700 merchandise suppliers. Since a majority of our merchandise is manufactured in foreign countries, one or more of our vendors may not adhere to product safety requirements or our quality control standards, and we may not identify the deficiency before merchandise ships to our store locations. Any issues of product safety, including but not limited to those manufactured in foreign countries, could cause us to recall some of those products. If our vendors fail to manufacture or import merchandise that adheres to our quality control standards, our reputation and brands could be damaged, potentially leading to increases in customer litigation against us. Furthermore, to the extent we are unable to replace any recalled products, we may have to reduce our merchandise offerings, resulting in a decrease in sales, especially if a recall occurs near or during a seasonal period. If our vendors are unable or unwilling to recall products failing to meet our quality standards, we may be required to recall those products at a substantial cost to us. Moreover, changes in product safety or other consumer protection laws could lead to increased costs to us for certain merchandise or additional labor costs associated with readying merchandise for sale. Long lead times on merchandise ordering cycles increase the difficulty for us to plan and prepare for potential changes to applicable laws.

Use of social media and influencers may adversely affect our reputation or subject us to fines or other penalties.

We use third-party social media platforms as, among other things, marketing tools. For example, we maintain Instagram, Facebook, YouTube, Pinterest, Twitter and TikTok accounts. We also engage in sponsorship initiatives and maintain relationships with key crafting and sewing influencers who help promote our brand, projects and product offerings. As existing e-commerce and social media platforms continue to rapidly evolve and new platforms develop, we must continue to maintain a presence on these platforms and establish presences on new or emerging social media platforms. Furthermore, as laws and regulations and public opinion rapidly evolve to govern the use of these platforms and devices, the failure by us, our employees, our network of social media influencers, our sponsors or third parties acting at our direction to abide by applicable laws and regulations in the use of these platforms and devices or otherwise could subject us to regulatory investigations, class action lawsuits, liability, fines or other penalties and have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

In addition, an increase in the use of social media influencers for product promotion and marketing may cause an increase in the burden on us to monitor compliance of the content they post and increase the risk that such content could contain problematic product or marketing claims in violation of applicable laws and regulations. For example, in some cases, the Federal Trade Commission has sought enforcement action where an endorsement has failed to clearly and conspicuously disclose a financial relationship or material connection between an influencer and an advertiser. We do not control the content that our influencers post, and if we are held responsible

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for any false, misleading or otherwise unlawful content of their posts or their actions, we could be fined or subjected to other monetary liabilities or forced to alter our practices, which could have an adverse impact on our business.

Negative commentary regarding us, our products or influencers and other third parties who are affiliated with us has in the past and may in the future also be posted on social media platforms and may be adverse to our reputation or business. Influencers with whom we maintain relationships could engage in behavior or use their platforms to communicate directly with our consumers in a manner that reflects poorly on our brand and may be attributed to us or otherwise adversely affect us. It is not possible to prevent such behavior, and the precautions we take to detect this activity may not be effective in all cases. Our target consumers, including Gen Z customers, often value readily available information and often act on such information without further investigation and without regard to its accuracy. The harm may be immediate, without affording us an opportunity for redress or correction.

Risks Related to Our Capital Structure, Indebtedness and Capital Requirements

We may face risks related to our indebtedness, which included $990.6 million of outstanding debt as of January 28, 2023.

Our indebtedness and lease obligations could adversely affect our ability to raise additional capital to fund our operations, limit our flexibility in operating our business, expose us to interest rate risk to the extent of our variable rate debt and prevent us from meeting our obligations under the debt instruments. We had $990.6 million in debt outstanding and had $87.2 million available for borrowing under our ABL Facility as of January 28, 2023.

Our indebtedness and lease obligations could have important consequences to us, including:

The occurrence of any one of these events could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and ability to satisfy our obligations under our indebtedness. In addition, we may incur additional indebtedness in the future, subject to the terms of our Credit Facilities, which could magnify the risks that we currently face.

The terms of our Credit Facilities impose operating and financial restrictions on us that may impair our ability to respond to changing barriers and economic conditions.

The agreements governing our Credit Facilities contain a number of restrictive covenants imposing significant operating and financial restrictions on us, including restrictions that may limit our ability to:

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In addition, the credit agreement governing our ABL Facility requires that we maintain a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio if excess availability is less than a specified percentage of the lesser of (i) the borrowing base and (ii) our maximum revolving commitments at any time. Our ability to meet this requirement can be affected by events beyond our control, and we may not be able to meet this ratio. A breach of any of these covenants could result in an event of default under our Credit Facilities and/or other agreements containing cross-default provisions, which could result in our lenders accelerating our debt by declaring amounts outstanding under our debt instruments, including accrued interest, to be immediately due and payable. If we are unable to pay those amounts, the lenders under our Credit Facilities could proceed against the collateral granted to them to the extent such collateral secures such indebtedness. We may not be able to generate sufficient cash to service our indebtedness or satisfy our obligations upon an event of default and may not be able to refinance any of our indebtedness on commercially reasonable terms or at all.

In addition, our variable rate indebtedness may use London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) as a benchmark for establishing the interest rate applicable to the indebtedness. LIBOR is the subject of recent national, international and other regulatory guidance and proposals for reform. On July 27, 2017, the Financial Conduct Authority (the authority that regulates LIBOR) announced that it intends to stop compelling banks to submit rates for the calculation of LIBOR after 2021, and according to the Financial Conduct Authority, the ICE Benchmark Administration Limited will permanently cease to publish overnight, 1-month, 3-month, 6-month and 12-month LIBOR settings on June 30, 2023. It is unknown whether the Secured Overnight Financing Rate, or SOFR, or any potential alternative reference rate will attain market acceptance as replacements for LIBOR and, as such, the potential effect on our results from operations is unknown. To the extent these alternative interest rates increase, our interest expense and borrowing costs will increase. Increased borrowing costs could have an adverse effect on our results of operations, cash flows, financial condition and liquidity.

We may require additional capital to meet our financial obligations and support business growth, and this capital may not be available on acceptable terms or at all.

Based on our current plans and market conditions, we believe that cash flows generated from our operations and borrowing capacity under our Credit Facilities will be sufficient to satisfy our anticipated cash requirements in the ordinary course of business for the foreseeable future. However, we intend to continue to make significant investments to support our business growth and may require additional funds to respond to business challenges. Accordingly, we may need to engage in equity or debt financings in addition to our Credit Facilities to secure additional funds. If we raise additional funds through future issuances of equity or convertible debt securities, our existing shareholders could suffer significant dilution, and any new equity securities we issue could have rights, preferences and privileges superior to those of holders of our common stock. Any debt financing we secure in the future could include restrictive covenants relating to our capital raising activities and other financial and operational matters, which may make it more difficult for us to obtain additional capital and to pursue business opportunities, including potential acquisitions. We may not be able to obtain additional financing on terms favorable to us or at all. If we are unable to obtain adequate financing or financing on terms satisfactory to us when we require it, our ability to continue to support our business growth and to respond to business challenges could be significantly impaired, and our business may be harmed.

We are a holding company with no operations of our own, and we depend on our subsidiaries for cash.

We are a holding company and do not have any material assets or operations other than ownership of equity interests of our subsidiaries. Our operations are conducted almost entirely through our subsidiaries, and our ability to generate cash to meet our obligations or to pay dividends, if any, is highly dependent on the earnings of, and receipt of funds from, our subsidiaries through dividends or intercompany loans. The ability of our subsidiaries to generate sufficient cash flow from operations to allow us and them to make scheduled payments on our debt obligations will depend on their future financial performance, which will be affected by a range of economic, competitive and business factors, many of which are outside of our control.

Risks Related to Intellectual Property, Information Technology and Data Privacy

If we are unable to adequately protect our intellectual property rights, our business, financial condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.

Our success depends in large part on our brand image and our ability to build and maintain brand loyalty. Our company’s name, logo, domain name and our proprietary brands and our registered and unregistered trademarks and trade names are valuable assets that serve to differentiate us from our competitors. We currently rely on a combination of trademarks, trade names, trade dress, patent, copyright and unfair competition laws to establish and protect our intellectual property rights. We cannot assure you that the steps taken by us to protect our proprietary rights will be adequate to prevent infringement of our trademarks and trade names and other proprietary rights by others, including imitation and misappropriation of our brand. We cannot assure you that obstacles related to securing additional intellectual property rights will not arise as we expand our products and geographic scope. The unauthorized use or misappropriation of

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our intellectual property could damage our brand identity and the goodwill we have created for our company, which could cause our sales to decline. We cannot guarantee that the operation of our business does not, and will not in the future, infringe or violate the rights of third parties. Litigation may be necessary to protect or enforce our intellectual property rights or to defend against third party claims. Any such litigation, regardless of merit, is inherently uncertain and could be time-consuming and result in substantial costs and diversion of our resources, causing a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. If we cannot protect our intellectual property rights, our brand identity and the goodwill we created for our company may diminish, causing our sales to decline. If we are found to infringe or violate the rights of a third party, we may be forced to stop offering, or to redesign, certain products or services, to pay damages or royalties or to enter into licensing agreements, which may not be available on commercially reasonable terms or at all.

Most of our intellectual property has not been registered outside of the United States, and we cannot always prohibit other companies from using our unregistered trademarks and trade names in foreign countries. Use of our trademarks and trade names in foreign countries by others could materially and adversely affect our identity in the United States and cause our sales to decline.

Failure to adequately maintain the security of, and prevent unauthorized access to, our electronic and other confidential information, including customer and team member personal information, could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We are dependent upon automated information technology processes, and a large portion of our business operations is conducted electronically, increasing the risk of interception or attack that could cause loss or misuses of data, system failure or disruption of operations. As part of our normal business activities, we collect and store certain confidential information, including personal information with respect to customers and team members. We share some of this information with vendors who assist us with certain aspects of our business. Moreover, the success of our e-commerce operations depends upon the secure transmission of confidential and personal data over public networks, including the use of cashless payments. We and/or our third-party vendors, some of our competitors and other companies have in the past experienced data security breaches involving team member and customer personal and financial information, including fraudulent activity on payment cards, and we could suffer a similar attack in the future. In addition, hardware, software or applications we develop or procure from third parties may contain defects in design or manufacture or other problems that could unexpectedly compromise information security. Improper activities by unauthorized third parties, unidentified security vulnerabilities within applications or platforms we utilize, exploitation of encryption technology, new data-hacking tools and discoveries and other events or developments may result in a future compromise or breach of our networks, or those of third parties with whom we do business, payment card terminals or other payment systems. The techniques used by criminals to obtain unauthorized access to systems or sensitive data change frequently and often are not recognized until after being launched against a target, and accordingly, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques or implement adequate preventative measures, and there may be a significant delay between the initiation of an attack on our systems and our recognition of the attack. New or changing risk profiles related to data security could require that we expend significant additional resources to enhance our information security systems.

Any failure on the part of us or our vendors to maintain the security of our confidential data and our team members’ and customers’ personal information, including via the penetration of our network and the misappropriation of confidential and personal information, could result in business disruption, theft of funds and other monetary loss, weaker than expected sales, significant negative media attention, damage to our reputation, financial obligations to third parties, fines, penalties, regulatory proceedings and private litigation with potentially large costs, and also could result in deterioration in our team members’ and customers’ trust and confidence in us and other competitive disadvantages, and thus have a material and adverse impact on us. Investigations into a data breach, including how it occurred, its consequences and our responses, by state and federal agencies would possibly lead to fines, other monetary relief and/or injunctive relief that could materially increase our data security costs, adversely impact how we operate our information systems and collect and use customer information and put us at a competitive disadvantage with other retailers. Furthermore, payment card networks with payment cards impacted by a data breach may pursue claims against us, either directly or through our acquiring banks.

In addition, while we currently qualify for self-assessment of compliance with the Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard, or PCI DSS, a failure to maintain our PCI DSS certification could result in our inability to accept credit and debit card payments or subject us to penalties and thus could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Intentional or accidental disruptions to our information systems or those of third-party software applications that support our business, including our mobile application and primary e-commerce website, or our failure to adequately support, maintain, secure and upgrade these systems could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We depend on a variety of information systems for the efficient functioning of our business and rely on continued and unimpeded access to the internet, and we have in the past experienced disruptions of these information systems, resulting in disruptions to our business, including the ability for customers to transact on our website and in our store locations. We are heavily dependent upon our mobile application as a means of generating online and in-store sales, along with growing customer engagement and perception of our

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brand. Our mobile application is hosted by a third party and supported by another outside development firm. In addition, joann.com, our website platform, is operated using a software-as-a-service, or SaaS, model provided to us by an independent third party. We also rely on our order management system, which is provided by a third party, to route all of our e-commerce orders for proper fulfillment. Any failures or interruption of our mobile application, website or order management system, or incidents or failures experienced by our third-party service providers, could harm our ability to serve our customers through these channels, which could adversely affect our business and operating results.

In addition, we rely on our information systems to effectively process transactions, manage inventory and purchase, sell and ship goods on a timely basis. We also rely on measures designed into these systems to manage and maintain the privacy of customer, vendor and other third-party data, summarize and analyze results and maintain cost-efficient operations. Intentional or accidental disruptions to our information systems or our failure to adequately support, maintain and upgrade these systems could harm sales and have a material and adverse impact on us. To the extent we have implemented and continue to implement SaaS solutions and run applications on infrastructure hosted by third parties in the future, we will be subject to increased reliance on external partners and unique risks related to change management and loss of data.

Any material disruption or slowdown of our systems could, among other things, cause information to become lost or inaccurate, cause delays or other problems for our internal operations and customers and generate negative publicity. We may experience operational problems with our information systems as a result of power outages, computer and telecommunication failures, database corruption, denial-of-service attacks, viruses and other malicious software programs, security breaches, natural disasters, cyber-attacks, acts of war and terrorist and criminal activities, employee usage errors or other causes. Cyber incidents may result in loss of sensitive data, intellectual property or funds. Techniques used to obtain unauthorized access, disable or degrade service or sabotage systems change frequently and may not immediately produce signs of intrusion. Therefore, we may be unable to implement adequate preventive measures. If our computer systems are damaged or cease to function properly, we may have to make a significant investment to recover, fix or replace them or to increase our cyber security protections, and we may suffer interruptions in our operations in the interim, damage to our reputation, legal and financial exposure and potentially a material and adverse effect on us. In addition, such interruptions could negatively impact customer experience and customer confidence. We also rely heavily on our information technology staff. Our inability to meet staffing needs could adversely impact our technology and business initiatives and maintenance on existing systems, which could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We are subject to payment-related risks that may materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We accept payments using a variety of methods, including cash, check, credit card, debit card, gift cards, direct debit from a customer’s bank account and other third-party payment service providers. For existing and future payment options that we offer to our customers, we may become subject to additional regulations and compliance requirements (including obligations to implement enhanced authentication processes that could result in significant costs and reduce the ease of use of our payment options) as well as fraud. For certain payment methods, including credit and debit cards, we pay interchange and other fees, which may increase over time and raise our operating costs and lower profitability. We rely on third parties to provide certain payment processing services, including the processing of credit cards, debit cards, electronic checks and gift cards. In each case, it could disrupt our business if these companies become unwilling or unable to provide these services to us. We also are subject to payment card association operating rules, including data security rules, certification requirements and rules governing electronic funds transfers, which could change or be reinterpreted to make it difficult or impossible for us to comply. If we fail to comply with these rules or requirements, or if our data security systems are breached or compromised, we may be liable for card-issuing banks’ costs, subject to fines and higher transaction fees, lose our ability to accept credit and debit card payments from our customers, process electronic funds transfers or facilitate other types of online payments, and our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.

Risks Related to our Common Stock

The market price of our common stock may be volatile and fluctuate substantially, which could result in a significant loss of your investment.

The market price of our common stock may be volatile and fluctuate substantially due to factors, including, without limitation:

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As a result of these factors, investors in our common stock may not be able to resell their shares at or above their purchase price. In addition, our stock price may be volatile. The stock market in general has experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of companies like us. Accordingly, these broad market fluctuations, as well as general economic, political and market conditions, such as recessions or interest rate changes, may significantly reduce the market price of our common stock, regardless of our operating performance. In the past, following periods of market volatility, shareholders have instituted securities class action litigation. If we were to become involved in securities litigation, it could result in substantial costs and divert resources and our management’s attention from other business concerns, regardless of the outcome of such litigation.

Because LGP owns a significant percentage of our common stock, it may control all major corporate decisions and its interests may conflict with your interests as an owner of our common stock and our interests.

We are controlled by LGP, which owns, through its affiliates, 67.8% of our common stock as of January 28, 2023. Accordingly, LGP currently controls the election of our directors and could exercise a controlling interest over our business, affairs and policies, including the appointment of our management and the entering into of business combinations or dispositions and other corporate transactions. Pursuant to the amended and restated shareholders agreement by and among LGP, certain of our directors and executive officers, certain other existing shareholders and the Company (the “Shareholders Agreement”), LGP is entitled to designate individuals to be included in the slate of nominees recommended by our board of directors for election to our board of directors. So long as LGP owns, in the aggregate, (i) at least 50% of the total outstanding shares of our common stock, LGP will be entitled to nominate five directors, (ii) less than 50%, but at least 40% of the total outstanding shares of our common stock, it will be entitled to nominate four directors, (iii) less than 40%, but at least 30% of the total outstanding shares of our common stock, it will be entitled to nominate three directors, (iv) less than 30%, but at least 20% of the total outstanding shares of our common stock, it will be entitled to nominate two directors, (v) less than 20%, but at least 10% of the total outstanding shares of our common stock, it will be entitled to nominate one director and (vi) less than 10% of the total outstanding shares of our common stock, it will not be entitled to nominate a director. The directors LGP elects have the authority to incur additional debt, issue or repurchase stock, declare dividends and make other decisions that could be detrimental to shareholders. Even if LGP were to own or control less than a majority of our total outstanding shares of common stock, it is able to influence the outcome of corporate actions so long as it owns a significant portion of our total outstanding shares of common stock.

LGP may have interests that are different from yours and may vote in a way with which you disagree and that may be adverse to your interests. In addition, LGP’s concentration of ownership could have the effect of delaying or preventing a change in control or

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otherwise discouraging a potential acquirer from attempting to obtain control of us, which could cause the market price of our common stock to decline or prevent our shareholders from realizing a premium over the market price for their common stock.

Additionally, LGP is in the business of making investments in companies and may from time to time acquire and hold interests in businesses that compete directly or indirectly with us or supply us with goods and services. LGP may also pursue acquisition opportunities that may be complementary to our business and, as a result, those acquisition opportunities may not be available to us. Shareholders should consider that the interests of LGP may differ from their interests in material respects.

We are a “controlled company” within the meaning of the rules of The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (“Nasdaq”) and, as a result, qualify for, and may rely on, exemptions from certain corporate governance requirements.

LGP controls a majority of our outstanding common stock. As a result, we are a “controlled company” within the meaning of Nasdaq’s corporate governance standards. A company of which more than 50% of the voting power is held by an individual, a group or another company is a “controlled company” within the meaning of Nasdaq’s rules and may elect not to comply with certain corporate governance requirements of Nasdaq, including:

We utilize all of the exemptions listed above. As a result, we do not have a majority of independent directors and our nominating and corporate governance and compensation committees do not consist entirely of independent directors. As a result, our board of directors and those committees have more directors who do not meet Nasdaq’s independence standards than they would if those standards were to apply. The independence standards are intended to ensure that directors who meet those standards are free of any conflicting interest that could influence their actions as directors. Accordingly, you do not have the same protections afforded to shareholders of companies that are subject to all of the corporate governance requirements of Nasdaq.

Sales of a substantial number of shares of our common stock in the public market by our existing shareholders could cause our stock price to fall.

Sales of a substantial number of shares of our common stock in the public market or the perception that these sales might occur, could depress the market price of our common stock and could impair our ability to raise capital through the sale of additional equity securities. In particular, holders of approximately 67.8% of our outstanding common stock have rights, subject to certain conditions, to require us to file registration statements for the public sale of their shares or to include their shares in registration statements that we may file for ourselves or other shareholders. Any sales of securities by these shareholders could have a material and adverse effect on the trading price of our common stock.

Because our executive officers hold or may hold restricted shares units or option awards that will vest upon a change of control, these officers may have interests in us that conflict with yours.

Our executive officers hold or may hold restricted shares and options to purchase shares that would automatically vest upon a change of control. As a result, these officers may view certain change of control transactions more favorably than an investor due to the vesting opportunities available to them and, as a result, may have an economic incentive to support a transaction that may not be viewed as favorable by other shareholders.

We may change our dividend policy at any time.

We paid dividends equal to $0.33 per share on our common stock to holders of our common stock during fiscal 2023. In December 2022, the Company announced that it paused its quarterly dividend. We have no obligation to pay any dividend, and our dividend policy may change at any time without notice. The declaration and amount of any future dividends is subject to the discretion of our board of directors in determining whether dividends are in the best interest of our shareholders based on our financial performance and other factors and are in compliance with all laws and agreements applicable to the declaration and payment of cash dividends by us. In addition, our ability to pay dividends on our common stock is currently limited by the covenants of our Credit Facilities and may be

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further restricted by the terms of any future debt or preferred securities. See “Dividends” in Item 5. “Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities” and Note 2 to our Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Future dividends, if any, may also be affected by factors that our board of directors deems relevant, including our potential future capital requirements for investments, legal risks, changes in federal and state income tax laws or corporate laws, macroeconomic conditions and contractual restrictions such as financial or operating covenants in our debt arrangements. As a result, even if we pay dividends on our common stock in future periods, we may need to reduce or eliminate the payment of such dividends, and, as a result, any return on investment in our common stock may be solely dependent upon the appreciation of the price of our common stock on the open market, which may not occur.

Some provisions of our charter documents and Delaware law may have anti-takeover effects that could discourage an acquisition of us by others, even if an acquisition would be beneficial to our shareholders, and may prevent attempts by our shareholders to replace or remove our current management.

Provisions in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and our amended and restated bylaws as well as provisions of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the “DGCL”) could make it more difficult for a third party to acquire us or increase the cost of acquiring us, even if doing so would benefit our shareholders, including transactions in which shareholders might otherwise receive a premium for their shares. These provisions include:

These anti-takeover defenses could discourage, delay or prevent a transaction involving a change in control. These provisions could also discourage proxy contests and make it more difficult for you and other shareholders to elect directors of your choosing and cause us to take corporate actions other than those you desire.

Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware or federal district courts of the United States are the sole and exclusive forum for certain types of lawsuits, which could limit our shareholders’ abilities to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers or team members.

Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws require, to the fullest extent permitted by law, that (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf, (ii) any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any of our directors, officers or other team members to us or our shareholders, (iii) any action asserting a claim against us arising pursuant to any provision of the DGCL or the amended and restated certificate of incorporation or the proposed bylaws or (iv) any action asserting a claim against us governed by the internal affairs doctrine has to be brought only in the Court of Chancery in the State of Delaware (or the federal district court for the District of Delaware or other state courts of the State of Delaware if the Court of Chancery in the State of Delaware does not have jurisdiction). The amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws also require that the federal district courts of the United States of America be the exclusive forum for the resolution of

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any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act; however, there is uncertainty as to whether a court would enforce such provision, and investors cannot waive compliance with federal securities laws and the rules and regulations thereunder. Although we believe these provisions benefit us by providing increased consistency in the application of applicable law in the types of lawsuits to which they apply, the provisions may have the effect of discouraging lawsuits against our directors and officers. These provisions would not apply to any suits brought to enforce any liability or duty created by the Exchange Act or any other claim for which the federal courts of the United States have exclusive jurisdiction.

If securities or industry analysts do not publish or cease publishing research or reports about us, or if they issue unfavorable commentary about us or our industry or downgrade our common stock, the price of our common stock could decline.

The trading market for our common stock depends in part on the research and reports that third-party securities analysts publish about us and our industry. One or more analysts could downgrade our common stock or issue other negative commentary about us or our industry. In addition, we may be unable or slow to attract research coverage. Alternatively, if one or more of these analysts cease coverage of us, we could lose visibility in the market. As a result of one or more of these factors, the trading price of our common stock could decline.

General Risks

Our business, financial condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected by various litigation and regulatory proceedings.

We are subject to litigation and regulatory proceedings in the normal course of business and could become subject to additional claims in the future. These proceedings have included, and in the future may include, matters involving personnel and employment issues, workers’ compensation, personal and property injury, disputes relating to acquisitions, governmental investigations and other proceedings. Some historical and current legal proceedings and future legal proceedings may purport to be brought as class actions on behalf of similarly situated parties including with respect to employment-related matters. We cannot be certain of the ultimate outcomes of any such claims, and resolution of these types of matters against us may result in significant fines, judgments or settlements, which, if uninsured, or if the fines, judgments and settlements exceed insured levels, could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Inadequacy of our insurance coverage could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We maintain third party insurance coverage against various liability risks and risks of property loss, including data security breach and directors’ and officers’ liability insurance coverage. Potential liabilities associated with those risks or other events could exceed the coverage provided by such arrangements resulting in significant uninsured liabilities, which could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We are exposed to risks relating to evaluations of controls required by Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.

We have evaluated our internal controls systems to allow management to report on our internal controls over financial reporting. We have also performed the system and process evaluation and testing (and any necessary remediation) required to comply with the management certification requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.

We may in the future identify control deficiencies of varying degrees of severity under applicable SEC and Public Company Accounting Oversight Board rules and regulations that require remediation. As a public company, we are required to report, among other things, control deficiencies that constitute a “material weakness” or changes in internal controls that, or that are reasonably likely to, materially affect internal controls over financial reporting. A “material weakness” is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. A “significant deficiency” is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting that is less severe than a material weakness, yet important enough to merit attention by those responsible for oversight of our financial reporting.

To comply with the requirements of being a public company, we have undertaken various actions, and may need to take additional actions, such as implementing and enhancing our internal controls and procedures and hiring additional accounting or internal audit staff. Testing and maintaining internal controls can divert our management’s attention from other matters that are important to the operation of our business. Additionally, when evaluating our internal control over financial reporting, we may identify material weaknesses that we may not be able to remediate in time to meet the applicable deadline imposed upon us for compliance with the requirements of Section 404. If we identify any material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting or are unable to

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comply with the requirements of Section 404 in a timely manner or assert that our internal control over financial reporting is effective, if we are required to make restatements of our financial statements or if our independent registered public accounting firm is unable to express an opinion as to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, investors may lose confidence in the accuracy, completeness or reliability of our financial reports and the trading price of our common stock may be adversely affected, and we could become subject to sanctions or investigations by Nasdaq, the SEC or other regulatory authorities, which could require additional financial and management resources. In addition, if we fail to remedy any material weakness, our financial statements could be inaccurate and we could face restricted access to the capital markets.

If our estimates or judgments relating to our critical accounting policies are based on assumptions that change or prove to be incorrect, our results of operations could fall below our publicly announced guidance or the expectations of securities analysts and investors, resulting in a decline in the market price of our common stock.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in our financial statements and accompanying notes. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets, liabilities, equity, revenues and expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources. If our assumptions change or if actual circumstances differ from our assumptions, our results of operations may be adversely affected and could fall below our publicly announced guidance or the expectations of securities analysts and investors, resulting in a decline in the market price of our common stock.

Impairment in the carrying value of goodwill or other intangibles could result in the incurrence of impairment charges and negatively impact our net worth.

As of January 28, 2023, we had goodwill of $162.0 million and intangible assets of $272.1 million. The net carrying value of goodwill represents the fair value of acquired businesses in excess of identifiable assets and liabilities as of the acquisition date (or subsequent impairment date, if applicable). The net carrying value of intangible assets represents the fair value of trade names, customer relationships, and other acquired intangibles as of the acquisition date (or subsequent impairment date, if applicable), net of accumulated amortization, if applicable. Goodwill and other acquired intangibles expected to contribute indefinitely to our cash flows are not amortized, but must be evaluated by management at least annually for impairment. Amortized intangible assets are evaluated for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts of these assets may not be recoverable. Impairments to goodwill and other intangible assets may be caused by factors outside our control, such as increasing competitive pricing pressures, lower than expected revenue and profit growth rates, changes in industry EBITDA (earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization) multiples or changes in discount rates based on changes in cost of capital (interest rates, etc.). For example, during fiscal 2023, as a result of the quantitative impairment analysis performed, we recorded impairment charges on the JOANN trade name totaling $95.0 million. Any additional impairment to goodwill or other intangible assets in future periods could negatively impact our net worth.

Natural disasters, geo-political events and other highly disruptive events could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

The occurrence of one or more natural disasters, such as fires, hurricanes, tornados, tsunamis, floods and earthquakes, geo-political events, such as civil unrest in a country in which our suppliers are located or terrorist or military activities disrupting transportation, communication or utility systems or other highly disruptive events, such as nuclear accidents, public health epidemics or pandemics (such as the COVID-19 pandemic), unusual weather conditions, including as a result of climate change or otherwise, or cyberattacks, could adversely affect our operations and financial performance. Such events could result in physical damage to, or destruction or disruption of, one or more of our properties (including our corporate offices, distribution centers and store locations) or properties used by third parties in connection with the supply of products or services to us, the lack of an adequate workforce in parts or all of our operations, supply chain disruptions, data, utility and communications disruptions, fewer customers visiting our store locations, including due to quarantines or public health epidemics or pandemics, the inability of our customers to reach or have transportation to our store locations directly affected by such events and the inability to operate our e-commerce business. In addition, these events could cause a temporary reduction in consumer sales or the ability to sell our products or could indirectly result in increases in the costs of our insurance if they result in significant loss of property or other insurable damage. These factors could also cause consumer confidence and spending to decrease or result in increased volatility in the U.S. and global financial markets and economies. Any of these developments could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Furthermore, the long-term impacts of climate change, whether involving acute or chronic physical risks (such as extreme weather conditions, drought or rising sea levels) or transition risks (such as regulatory or technology changes) could be widespread and unpredictable. Certain impacts of physical risk may include temperature changes that increase the heating and cooling costs at store locations and distribution centers, extreme weather conditions that disrupt supplier and transportation networks and flooding and extreme

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storms that damage or destroy our buildings and inventory. Relative to transition risk, certain impacts may include changes in energy and commodity prices driven by climate-related weather events, prolonged climate-related events affecting macroeconomic conditions with related effects on consumer spending and confidence, stakeholder perception of our engagement in climate-related policies and new regulatory requirements resulting in higher compliance risk and operational costs. We bear the risk of losses incurred as a result of physical damage to, or destruction of, any store locations and distribution centers, extreme weather conditions that disrupt supplier and transportation networks, loss of inventory and business interruption caused by such events. These events and their impacts could otherwise disrupt and adversely affect our operations and could materially and adversely affect our financial performance.

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments

None.

Item 2. Properties

Our store support center, one of our distribution centers and one store location are located in a 1.4 million square foot facility on 123 acres in Hudson, Ohio. Our building is sitting on 33 acres with an additional 90 acres of land surrounding the facility. We own both the facility and the real estate. The distribution center occupies 1.1 million square feet, while the remainder of the facility's square footage is used as our store support center and a store location. We lease two distribution centers and an omni-channel fulfillment center. We lease and operate a distribution center in Opelika, Alabama that is approximately 700,000 square feet situated on a 106-acre site. The initial term of the lease expires in June 2041 with renewal options for up to an additional 20 years. We lease and operate a distribution center in Visalia, California that is approximately 740,000 square feet occupying 90 acres. This distribution center consists of two facilities with separate leases. The first lease's initial term expires in October 2026 with renewal options for up to an additional 40 years. The second lease expires in May 2024 and has no renewal options. We lease and operate an omni-channel fulfillment center in West Jefferson, Ohio that is approximately 830,000 square feet located on a 62-acre site. The initial term of the lease expires in June 2028 with renewal options for up to an additional 18 years.

The majority of our remaining properties that we occupy are leased store location facilities, located primarily in high-traffic shopping centers. All leases are operating leases and generally have initial terms of 10 years with renewal options for up to 25 years. Certain leases contain escalation clauses and contingent rents based on a percent of net sales in excess of defined minimums. During fiscal 2023, we incurred $267.8 million in occupancy costs, including common area maintenance, taxes and insurance for store locations.

As of January 28, 2023, the current terms of our leases (including closed store locations with continuing lease obligations and store locations not yet open), assuming we exercise all lease renewal options, were as follows:

Item 3. Legal Proceedings

We are now, and may be in the future, involved in various lawsuits, claims and proceedings incident to the ordinary course of business. Although the results of these legal proceedings cannot be predicted with certainty, management believes that the final outcome of such proceedings will not have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. See Note 13—Commitments and Contingencies to our Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further details.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

None.

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PART II

Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Principal Market

Our common stock trades on the Nasdaq Global Market under the symbol “JOAN.”

Stockholders

As of January 28, 2023, there were six stockholders of record of our common stock. This number does not include “street name” or beneficial holders, whose shares are held of record by banks, brokers, financial institutions and other nominees.

Dividends

We paid cash dividends equal to $0.33 per share in fiscal 2023. In December 2022, the Company announced that it paused its quarterly dividend. Any determination to pay dividends in the future will be at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend upon our results of operations, cash requirements, financial condition, contractual restrictions, restrictions imposed by applicable laws and other factors that our board of directors may deem relevant. In addition, our ability to pay dividends on our common stock is currently limited by the covenants of our Credit Facilities and may be further restricted by the terms of any future debt or preferred securities. Our business is conducted through our subsidiaries. Dividends, distributions and other payments from, and cash generated by, our subsidiaries will be our principal sources of cash to repay indebtedness, fund operations and pay dividends. Accordingly, our ability to pay dividends to our shareholders is dependent on the earnings and distributions of funds from our subsidiaries. In addition, the covenants in the agreements governing our existing indebtedness, including the Credit Facilities, significantly restrict the ability of our subsidiaries to pay dividends or otherwise transfer assets to us, which in turn limits our ability to pay dividends on our common stock.

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Stock Performance Graph

The following table and graph compare the total returns (assuming reinvestment of dividends) of the Company’s common stock, the Russel 2000 Index and the Dow Jones US Specialty Retailer Index. The graph assumes $100 invested on March 12, 2021 in the Company’s common stock and each of the indices.

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

The Company did not make any purchases of its common stock during the fiscal year ended January 28, 2023.

Item 6. [Reserved]

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Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations together with our Consolidated Financial Statements and the related notes and other financial information included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Some of the information included in this discussion and analysis or set forth elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, including information with respect to our plans and strategy for our business, includes forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. You should review the “Forward-Looking Statements,” “Summary Risk Factors” and “Risk Factors” sections of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for a discussion of important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from the results described in or implied by the forward-looking statements contained in the following discussion and analysis.

We report on the basis of a 52- or 53-week fiscal year, which ends on the Saturday closest to the last day of January. Accordingly, references herein to “fiscal 2021” relate to the 52 weeks ended January 30, 2021, references herein to “fiscal 2022” relate to the 52 weeks ended January 29, 2022 and references herein to “fiscal 2023” relate to the 52 weeks ended January 28, 2023.

JOANN Overview

JOANN is the nation’s category leader in Sewing with one of the largest assortments of arts and crafts products. As a well-established and trusted brand for nearly 80 years, we believe we have a deep understanding of our customers, what inspires their creativity and what fuels their incredibly diverse projects. To best serve our customers, JOANN has transformed itself into a fully-integrated, digitally-connected omni-channel retailer, that provides Creative Products to our customers whenever and however they want.

As the nation’s category leader in Sewing with approximately one-third market share, based on our internal research estimates of market share of the Creative Products industry that primarily consist of a survey of Creative Product consumers as of July 30, 2022, we believe we offer the broadest selection of products while being committed to providing the most inspiration, helpful service and education to our customers. While we are the clear market share leader in a growing Sewing industry, which represented 46% of our total net sales in fiscal 2023, we also have significant share opportunity in the growing arts and crafts industry as we allocate additional space to these categories in our store refresh, remodel and relocation projects. We are well-positioned in the marketplace and have multiple competitive advantages, including our broad assortment, established omni-channel platform, multi-faceted digital interface with customers and skilled and knowledgeable team members. We offer an extensive assortment, which at its seasonal peak, averages more than 80,000 SKUs in store locations and over 200,000 SKUs online, across Creative Product categories. Approximately 50% of our in-store net sales cannot be directly comparison-shopped because of our strong and growing own-brand portfolio, including our copyrighted or proprietary fabric patterns and designs and factory direct relationships. We have expanded access to this broad assortment through e-commerce and digital capabilities that complement our physical network, drive customer engagement and deliver an exceptional customer experience while supporting consistently strong gross margins. Through our omni-channel platform, we serve our customers in a differentiated manner by offering several convenient fulfillment options, including BOPIS, curbside pick-up and ship-to-home offerings. Our omni-channel platform operates at a large scale, having generated approximately $271 million, $299 million and $511 million in net sales in fiscal 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Our data-driven digital capabilities further reinforce our relationship with our customers. Customers can interact with our brand whenever and however they want. Customers connect with us through our mobile-first website, joann.com, both domestically and internationally, as well as our widely-used mobile application with more than 15 million downloads. As of the end of fiscal 2023, we had approximately 81 million addressable customers in our vast database and approximately 20 million customers in our email database. These points of differentiation are reinforced by our knowledgeable, friendly and trusted team members, a significant number of whom are sewing and craft enthusiasts, who offer a service-oriented experience for our customers that we believe cannot be replicated by mass retailers or pure online players.

At JOANN, we continuously strive to improve the in-store and digital customer experience. We refine our assortment by conducting thorough reviews of focused categories at a product-level and store location layout-level in order to optimize sales and gross margin. We have an expansive data-driven digital footprint, which includes our extensive digital marketing assets, CRM system, social media platforms and e-commerce capabilities. We better understand our customers through our centralized database that brings together how each customer interacts in our physical and digital properties and provides a holistic view of their behavior. We are able to utilize this data to drive engagement with our brand, create loyalty and inspire, educate and ensure we are increasing our share of customer spend through timely and relevant marketing. By using data and digital contact channels, including email and SMS digital display, and leveraging our mobile application, we are able to contact customers with personalized content and provide the convenience to shop wherever and however they choose. We believe that these core initiatives and transformational investments have driven our performance and increased customer engagement over the last several years and strategically position us to create long-term value.

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Factors Affecting Our Business

Overall economic trends. The overall economic environment and related changes in consumer behavior have a significant impact on our business. Spending by customers on our products and services is primarily discretionary, and as a result, generally positive economic conditions create increased discretionary household income that promotes higher levels of spending across our business. However, the creative activities we support tend to be lower cost than other leisure activities, which could protect us to a certain degree from economic downturns. Macroeconomic factors that can affect customer spending patterns, and thereby our results of operations, include employment rates, availability of consumer credit, interest rates, tax rates, inflation and fuel and energy costs. Macroeconomic factors, notably inflation, can also affect our input and labor costs, as our financial results and ability to invest in the business are directly impacted by increases or decreases in the cost of goods and services required in our operations and initiatives. In addition to inflation, our input and labor costs are impacted by mandated costs such as minimum wages and trade policies, most significantly tariffs and duties on our products imported from foreign countries. The implementation of incremental U.S. tariffs on Chinese imports in particular has had an impact on our cost of sales, product demand and sourcing strategies.

Management of inventory and our supply chain. We offer an extensive assortment, which at its seasonal peak, averages more than 80,000 SKUs in store locations and over 200,000 SKUs through our e-commerce platforms, across Creative Product categories. The high number of SKUs required to support our business as well as the need to introduce new products and manage seasonality create complexity in our operations. We also sometimes experience long lead times for manufacture and delivery of our products, particularly those that we source directly from foreign suppliers, which further increases inventory carrying costs. The ability to effectively forecast product demand, maintain a high number of vendor relationships and order volume, replenish and allocate product and manage distribution and logistics are all critical to our success. Issues with any of these processes could result in lost sales or excess inventories which would have a negative impact on our results of operations.

Shipping and freight costs. A significant portion of our products are sourced from suppliers overseas. During fiscal 2023, we experienced higher than expected import and domestic freight costs largely due to inflationary pressures, transportation shortages, labor shortages and port congestion. While these costs have a negative impact on our results of operations, we are currently taking measures to mitigate, and expect to continue to take measures to mitigate, the impact of these additional costs through strategic purchasing, efficiency gains and pursuing various supply chain alternatives. However, we expect that there could be a difference between the timing of when these beneficial actions impact our results of operations and when the cost inflation is incurred.

Consumer demand for our products and services. Our industry supports activities that are discretionary in nature and can be highly influenced by consumer trends. Our ability to achieve our desired results, including attracting new customers and growing share of spend with existing customers, depends on our ability to develop compelling product assortments and services delivered within a convenient and engaging shopping experience. Moreover, due to the nature of our business, we purchase much of our inventory well in advance of each selling season. If we misjudge consumer preferences and demand for certain products, we could be faced with excess inventories that would impact our net sales and profits.

Size and loyalty of our customer database. Our ability to effectively market to our customers is a critical component of our business success. We tier our customers based on total sales volume and frequency of purchase. For fiscal 2023, 44% of our net sales were generated by Returning Customers.

Competition. The Creative Products industry includes specialty retailers and mass merchandisers that provide assortments in many of our categories, albeit typically with more limited breadth, local shops that tend to feature select categories (e.g., quilting and yarn shops) and pure e-commerce players. We compete with all of these providers for customer attention, shopping visits, exclusive vendor relationships, leadership talent and, in some cases, front line team members and store locations. Our ability to be effective across all of those points of competition has a significant effect on our results of operations.

Effective development and sourcing of products. Our business success requires that we provide relevant and innovative products to our customers at competitive prices. Development of those products is dependent on effective relationships with key suppliers and, in many cases, internal development of new products or application of current consumer trends to existing product lines. Our ability to develop, promote and apply our exclusive brands to new products is a critical component of building competitive assortments that drive our sales. Our ability to effectively source products, including through factory direct relationships, allows us to offer assortments at competitive prices while maintaining profitable product margins.

Investments in our store locations, technology, infrastructure, team members and new business opportunities. We have made, and will continue to make, significant investments in our business and operations. We believe these investments have laid the foundation for our results of operations and continued profitable growth. Refreshing our store locations, enhancing our omni-channel and other customer-facing and supporting technologies, strengthening our core business processes, adding talent while developing our current

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team and making investments in ventures that augment our current business are critical to sustaining a vibrant enterprise that will drive strong financial results.

Seasonality in quarterly results. Historically, our net sales and operating profits have been materially higher in our third and fourth fiscal quarters, particularly in the months of September through December, coinciding with fall and holiday selling seasons. We incur significantly higher expenses and working capital needs in April through August in order to procure inventory to support higher levels of sales activity later in the year. Our ability to generate cash flow or otherwise finance increased costs in the earlier portion of our fiscal year is critical to achieving strong net sales and operating profit in our historically busier fall and holiday seasons.

How We Assess the Performance of Our Business

In assessing our performance, we consider a variety of performance and financial measures. The key accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) measures include net sales, cost of sales, selling, general and administrative ("SG&A") expenses and operating profit. In addition, we also review other important non-GAAP metrics such as Adjusted EBITDA and other performance indicators such as total comparable sales.

Net Sales

Net sales are derived from direct retail sales to customers in our store locations and online, net of merchandise returns, discounts and coupons, and excluding sales tax. Growth in net sales is impacted by total comparable sales, new store location openings, store location refreshes and closures.

Total Comparable Sales

Total comparable sales are an important measure throughout the retail industry. This measure allows us to evaluate how our store location base and e-commerce business are performing by measuring the change in period-over-period net sales in store locations that have been open for the applicable period. We define total comparable sales as net sales for store locations that have been open for at least 13 months as well as net sales for store locations that have not been relocated, expanded or downsized in the last 13 months. In addition, total comparable sales include our e-commerce sales generated via joann.com (online sales for all products) and creativebug.com (online sales of digital videos for crafting projects). There may be variations in the way in which some of our competitors and other retailers calculate comparable sales. As a result, data in this Annual Report on Form 10-K regarding our total comparable sales may not be comparable to similar data made available by other retailers.

Gross Profit

Gross profit is calculated as net sales less cost of sales. Cost of sales consists primarily of the direct cost of merchandise sold at our store locations and through our e-commerce platforms, along with several other costs including freight expense, vendor allowances and cash discounts, inventory shrink and clearance activity. We define gross margin as gross profit divided by net sales.

Our calculations of gross profit may not be directly comparable to those of our competitors. Some retailers include all of the costs related to their distribution network in cost of sales, while we exclude the indirect portion from gross profit and include it within SG&A expenses. We include distribution costs that are directly associated with the acquisition of our merchandise and delivery to our store locations in cost of sales. These costs are primarily freight incurred when we receive merchandise shipments from the vendor to our distribution centers or directly to our store locations and also when we ship merchandise from our distribution centers to our store locations. Freight incurred to ship e-commerce orders to our customers is also included in our cost of sales. These freight costs as well as duties, including tariffs, related to import purchases and internal transfer costs are considered to be direct costs of our merchandise and, accordingly, are recognized as cost of sales when the related merchandise is sold.

Purchasing, receiving, warehousing, fulfillment of e-commerce orders (excluding shipping costs) and other costs of our distribution network (including depreciation) and store location occupancy costs are considered to be period costs not directly attributable to the value of merchandise and, accordingly, are expensed as incurred as SG&A expenses.

SG&A Expenses

SG&A expenses consist of various costs related to supporting and facilitating the sale of merchandise in our store locations and via our e-commerce platforms. These costs include, but are not limited to, store location, distribution center and administrative payroll, team member benefits, stock-based compensation, occupancy, facility and operating costs for our store locations, distribution centers and corporate offices, advertising expenses, payment card acceptance and interchange fees, store location and distribution center pre-opening and closing costs and other administrative expenses.

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Results of Operations

The following tables summarize key components of our results of operations for the periods indicated. The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Discussion of the 52 weeks ended January 29, 2022 compared with the 52 weeks ended January 30, 2021 is included in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in Part II, Item 7 of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended January 29, 2022.

Statement of Consolidated Income Data:

Other Operational Data:

Comparison of the 52 Weeks Ended January 28, 2023 and January 29, 2022

Net Sales

Net sales were $2,216.9 million for fiscal 2023, a decrease of $200.7 million or 8.3% compared to fiscal 2022. Total comparable sales decreased 8.1% for fiscal 2023 compared to a 12.4% total comparable sales decrease for the prior year. The total comparable sales decrease resulted from a decrease in transaction volume partially offset by a slight increase in average ticket. On a category basis, declines in sales were more pronounced in our Craft Technology business, which was unusually strong last year driven by new product launches. In addition, higher customer discretionary spending driven by government stimulus payments as well as more customer leisure time resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic had a favorable impact on net sales in fiscal 2022.

Gross Profit

Gross profit was $1,040.3 million for fiscal 2023, a decrease of $172.4 million or 14.2% compared to fiscal 2022. That decrease was primarily driven by lower net sales. Gross margin was 46.9% for fiscal 2023, a decrease of 330 basis points compared to fiscal 2022. The decrease in gross margin was primarily driven by increased supply chain costs, which resulted primarily from excess import freight. We believe the increase in excess import freight, including ocean freight and related port congestion costs, is transitory in nature. In addition, we experienced increases in domestic freight expense due to rising carrier rates and fuel costs, higher shrink costs associated with the start-up of our new omni-channel fulfillment center and lower vendor allowances due to our strategic inventory receipt reduction.

SG&A Expenses

SG&A expenses were $1,073.5 million for fiscal 2023, an increase of $40.6 million or 3.9% compared to fiscal 2022. This increase was driven by inflationary pressures on labor costs, particularly at our store locations, in addition to energy and commodity costs, which

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have been partially offset by improved operating efficiencies. In addition, we incurred incremental operating costs for our new omni-channel fulfillment center located in West Jefferson, Ohio and increases in spending on strategic initiatives including pre-opening costs associated with our new and remodeled store locations as well as costs incurred to support several emerging businesses, which we are referring to as our "Blue Ocean" initiatives.

As a percentage of net sales, SG&A expenses for fiscal 2023 were 48.4%, an increase of 570 basis points compared to fiscal 2022. This increase was primarily due to our 8.1% total comparable sales decline in fiscal 2023.

Depreciation and Amortization

Depreciation and amortization expense was $80.4 million in fiscal 2023, an increase of $0.3 million compared to fiscal 2022. This increase was driven primarily by investments in our omni-channel fulfillment center as well as store location refresh and technology projects in fiscal 2022 and fiscal 2023, partially offset by decreased depreciation resulting from the sale and leaseback of our distribution center in Opelika, Alabama in the second quarter of fiscal 2022.

Trade Name Impairment

During fiscal 2023, as a result of the quantitative impairment analysis performed, we recorded impairment charges on the JOANN trade name totaling $95.0 million. There were no such charges recorded in fiscal 2022. See Note 8—Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets to our Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further details.

Interest Expense

Interest expense for fiscal 2023 was $64.0 million, an increase of $12.8 million compared to fiscal 2022. This increase was due to higher interest rates and higher average borrowings. The average debt level in fiscal 2023 was $994.1 million compared to $811.6 million in fiscal 2022. The weighted average interest rate was 6.07% and 5.29% for fiscal 2023 and fiscal 2022, respectively.

We had $990.6 million of debt outstanding (face value) as of January 28, 2023 versus $794.3 million as of January 29, 2022.

Debt Related Loss (Gain)

See Note 2—Financing to our Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further details.

(Gain) on Sale Leaseback

See Note 15—Gain on Sale and Leaseback of Distribution Center to our Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further details.

Income Taxes

Our effective income tax rate for fiscal 2023 was 27.0%, an income tax benefit on a pre-tax book loss, compared to the rate for fiscal 2022, which was 18.7%, an income tax provision on pre-tax book income. The effective tax rate increased from fiscal 2022 to fiscal 2023 because there was a pre-tax loss in fiscal 2023 and pre-tax income in fiscal 2022. The Company's favorable permanent book-tax differences decrease the effective tax rate when applied to pre-tax income, while these favorable permanent book-tax differences increase the effective tax rate when there is a pre-tax loss.

Net Income (Loss)

We recognized a net loss of $200.6 million during fiscal 2023, compared to net income of $56.7 million during fiscal 2022. The decrease was driven by the factors described above.

Adjusted EBITDA

Adjusted EBITDA decreased 59.4% to $98.5 million, or 4.4% of net sales, for fiscal 2023 compared to $242.5 million, or 10.0% of net sales, for fiscal 2022. Our decrease in Adjusted EBITDA of $144.0 million and decline of Adjusted EBITDA as a percentage of net sales of 560 basis points was driven primarily by lower total comparable sales and higher SG&A expenses as a percentage of net sales.

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Non-GAAP Financial Measures

We present Adjusted EBITDA, which is not a recognized financial measure under GAAP. We present Adjusted EBITDA because we believe it assists investors and analysts in comparing our operating performance across reporting periods on a consistent basis by excluding items that we do not believe are indicative of our core operating performance. Management believes Adjusted EBITDA is helpful in highlighting trends in our core operating performance compared to other measures, which can differ significantly depending on long-term strategic decisions regarding capital structure, the tax jurisdictions in which companies operate and capital investments. We also use Adjusted EBITDA in connection with establishing discretionary annual incentive compensation, supplementing GAAP measures of performance in the evaluation of the effectiveness of our business strategies, making budgeting decisions and comparing our performance against that of other peer companies using similar measures.

We define Adjusted EBITDA as net income (loss) plus income tax provision (benefit), interest expense, net and depreciation and amortization, further adjusted to eliminate the impact of certain non-cash items and other items that we do not consider indicative of our ongoing operating performance, including other amortization, debt related gains and losses, investment remeasurements, sale leaseback gains, excess import freight and other COVID-19 costs, costs related to strategic initiatives, technology development expenses, stock-based compensation expense, gains and losses on disposal and impairment of fixed and operating lease assets, intangible asset impairment, income and losses from equity method investments, and other one-time costs. Our adjustments for COVID-19 related costs include, as a separate line item, excess import freight costs. The excess import freight costs are directly attributable to surging market demand for shipping capacity as economies recovered from the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as actions taken by government and industry leaders designed to protect against further spread of the virus, which disrupted the efficient operation of domestic and international supply chains. These COVID-19 related conditions produced an imbalance of ocean freight capacity and related demand, as well as port congestion and other supply chain disruptions that added significant cost to our procurement of imported merchandise. These excess import freight costs included significantly higher rates paid per container to ocean carriers, as well as fees paid due to congested ports that we did not normally incur. In a normative operating environment, we would procure 70% to 80% of our needs for ocean freight under negotiated contract rates, with the balance procured in a brokered market, typically at no more than a 10% - 15% premium to our contract rates. Accordingly, we established a baseline cost (“standard cost”) assuming those contract capacities, established rates and typical premium in the brokered market for peak volume needs not covered under our contracts. The amount of excess import freight costs included as an adjustment to arrive at Adjusted EBITDA is calculated by subtracting, from our actual import freight costs, our standard cost for the applicable period. Negotiation of our current contract rates was finalized in the second quarter of fiscal 2023. We have started to see a decline in overall ocean freight rates and a reduction in other fees associated with port congestion, which has positively impacted our cash payments. We are identifying these COVID-19 related excess import freight costs as a separate line item in the table below due to their magnitude and to distinguish them from other COVID-19 related costs we have previously excluded in calculating Adjusted EBITDA.